polyurethane yopangidwa ndi thermoplastic

Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) ndi elastomer ya thermoplastic yogwira ntchito kwambiri yokhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera awiri a kusinthasintha kwa rabara komanso kuthekera kokonza pulasitiki. Yoyamba kupangidwa mu 1937, TPU yakhala imodzi mwa zipangizo za polima zomwe zikukula mwachangu komanso zosinthika kwambiri m'mafakitale amakono. Mosiyana ndi polyurethane ya thermoset yachikhalidwe yomwe singapangidwenso ikakonzedwanso, TPU ili ndi pulasitiki yosinthika yotenthetsera: imafewa ndikuwumbika ikatenthedwa, ndipo imalimba kukhala yolimba yokhazikika ikazizira, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza mobwerezabwereza ndikubwezeretsanso popanda kutayika kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe kake ndi makina. Mwa mankhwala, TPU ndi copolymer yogawika m'magawo yomwe imapangidwa kudzera mu polyaddition reaction ya diisocyanates, polyols zazitali (polyether kapena polyester), ndi zokulitsa unyolo wa mamolekyulu ang'onoang'ono. Kapangidwe kake ka molekyulu kamakhala ndi magawo olimba osinthasintha ndi magawo ofewa, omwe amapatsa TPU ubwino wokwanira komanso wosinthika wa magwiridwe antchito omwe amasiyanitsa ndi ma elastomer ena.

Kugwira ntchito kwapadera kwa TPU kumachokera ku kapangidwe kake ka microphase komwe kamapangidwa ndi magawo olimba ndi ofewa. Magawo olimba, opangidwa ndi magulu a urethane, amapanga mfundo zolumikizirana kudzera mu mgwirizano wa hydrogen pakati pa mamolekyulu, zomwe zimapatsa TPU mphamvu yayikulu yolimba, kulimba, kukana kuvala komanso kukana kutentha. Magawo ofewa, omwe amapangidwa makamaka ndi unyolo wautali wa polyether kapena polyester, amapatsa zinthuzo kusinthasintha kwabwino, kusinthasintha, kukana kutentha kochepa komanso kulimba. Chiŵerengero cha magawo olimba ndi ofewa chikhoza kusinthidwa mosavuta panthawi yopanga, zomwe zimathandiza opanga kusintha zinthu za TPU kukhala zolimba, kusinthasintha komanso mawonekedwe amakina osiyanasiyana kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale. Kutengera mitundu yofewa ya magawo, TPU yamalonda imagawidwa makamaka mu polyester TPU, polyether TPU ndi TPU yosakanikirana, iliyonse yokhala ndi zochitika zogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kutha Kwambiri ndi Kapangidwe ka Makina: TPU imapirira kulimba kwambiri, mphamvu yolimba kwambiri yogwira ndi kung'ambika, komanso kukana kupsinjika kwamphamvu. Imatha kupindika mobwerezabwereza popanda kusinthika kosatha, kuposa zinthu wamba za rabara ndi pulasitiki. – Kukana Kwambiri Kuvala ndi Kukanda: Ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zotetezera kuvulala pakati pa ma elastomer wamba, TPU imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zigawo zosagwira ntchito zomwe zimafuna ntchito yayitali. – Kukhazikika Kwambiri kwa Mankhwala: Imasonyeza kukana kwakukulu kwa mafuta, madzi, asidi wochepa, alkali wochepa ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe, kusunga magwiridwe antchito okhazikika m'malo ovuta a mankhwala. – Kusinthasintha Kwabwino Kwachilengedwe: Polyether TPU ili ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa hydrolysis ndi kulimba kotsika kwa kutentha, pomwe polyester TPU ili ndi kukana bwino kwa mafuta ndi kukhazikika kwa makina. Zipangizo zonse za TPU zimakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa nyengo, zimalimbana ndi kukalamba komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. – Kuthekera Kwabwino Kwambiri ndi Kubwezeretsanso: Imathandizira ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wopangira thermoplastic kuphatikiza kupanga jakisoni, kutulutsa, kupanga ndi kuyika ma calender. Zinyalala za TPU zimatha kusungunuka ndikukonzedwanso, mogwirizana ndi malingaliro obiriwira komanso okhazikika opanga.

Polyester TPU: Yodziwika ndi mphamvu yayikulu yamakina, kukana mafuta bwino, kukana kuvala komanso kukana ukalamba. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzowonjezera zamafakitale, zinthu zopangira nsapato, zida zotsekera ndi zinthu zolimba zotanuka. – Polyether TPU: Ili ndi kukana kwabwino kwa hydrolysis, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kochepa, mphamvu zoletsa mabakiteriya ndi bowa, komanso kupsinjika kochepa. Ndi yoyenera zida zosungira madzi, zinthu zamankhwala, mapaipi osinthasintha komanso zinthu zakunja. – TPU Yogwira Ntchito Yapadera: Kuphatikiza TPU yoletsa moto, TPU yoyendetsa, TPU yolimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso TPU yochokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe. M'zaka zaposachedwa, TPU yochokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe yopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe zatsopano yakula mofulumira, kukhala njira ina yokhazikika m'malo mwa TPU yachikhalidwe yochokera ku zinthu zakale.

Chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito ake osinthika komanso zabwino zake zonse, TPU yalowa m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Mumakampani ogulitsa zinthu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo a nsapato zamasewera, mabokosi oteteza, malamba otanuka ndi zinthu zamasewera. Mumakampani opanga mafakitale, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malamba onyamula katundu osatha, mapayipi a hydraulic, ma gasket otsekera ndi zida zopopera zamakina. Mumakampani opanga magalimoto, TPU imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzinthu zamkati zamagalimoto, zinthu zosalowa madzi komanso zonyamula kugunda kwamphamvu, komanso zophimba zakunja zoteteza. Kuphatikiza apo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzipangizo zamankhwala, zowonjezera zamagetsi, zida zamlengalenga ndi mafakitale atsopano amphamvu.

Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa mfundo zoteteza chilengedwe komanso kukweza mafakitale, makampani a TPU akupita patsogolo kwambiri, kugwira ntchito bwino, komanso kukhazikika. Kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito TPU yochokera ku zamoyo, TPU yowonongeka komanso ukadaulo wopanga zinthu zopanda mpweya wambiri zakhala njira zodziwika bwino. Pakadali pano, TPU yosinthidwa yokhala ndi mphamvu yoletsa moto kwambiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kulimba kwa kutentha kochepa kwambiri ikupangidwa nthawi zonse kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira kwambiri zamagawo opanga zinthu zapamwamba monga magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ndi ndege.