1. ApolymerKuthandiza? Ntchito yake ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Zowonjezera ndi mitundu yothandiza yothandiza yomwe ikufunika kuwonjezeredwa ku zinthu zina ndi zinthu popanga njira zopangira ndikuwonjezera ntchito. Mukukonzekera kusintha masinthidwe am'manja ndi rabara yaiwisi mu pulasitiki ndi rabara, mankhwala othandiza amafunikira.
Ntchito: ① Sinthani magwiridwe antchito a ma polima, sinthani machitidwe kukonza, ndikugonjera; ② Sinthani luso lazochita, limawonjezera phindu lawo komanso moyo.
2.Kodi kuphatikizika kuli pakati pa zowonjezera ndi ma polima? Kodi tanthauzo la kupopera mbewu ndi kutupa?
Yankho: Tsegulani polymerization - mpweya wa zowonjezera zolimba; Thukuta - mpweya wowonjezera.
Kuphatikizika pakati pa zowonjezera ndi ma polima amatanthauza kuthekera kwa zowonjezera ndi ma poizoni kuti azisakanikirana mosiyanasiyana kwa nthawi yayitali osapanga gawo la gawo la gawo lapansi popanda mpweya wolekanitsa ndi mpweya;
3.Kodi ntchito yamapulasitiki ndi ntchito yanji?
Yankho: Kuchepetsa zomangira zachiwiri pakati pa mamolekyulu a polymer, yotchedwa van der Waals ukhondo, zimawonjezera kusuntha kwa maunyolo a polymer ndikuchepetsa ma curstallity.
4.Kodi polystyrene imakhala ndi maxidation kukana ndi polypropylene?
Yankho: Kusakhazikika H kumasinthidwa ndi gulu lalikulu la phenyl, ndipo chifukwa chomwe KS silabwino kuti pk ukalamba ndikuti mphete ya Benzene ili ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa H; PP ili ndi Testity hydrojeni ndipo amakonda kukalamba.
5. Kodi zifukwa zotetezera za PVC sizingatenthe?
Yankho: Mapeto a chikho chaponse chimachepetsa kukhazikika kwamafuta; ② Mphamvu ya oxygen imathandizira kuchotsa kwa HCL panthawi yowonongeka ya PVC; ③ HCL yomwe yapangidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika zimakhala ndi zovuta pakuwonongeka kwa pvc; ④ Mphamvu ya Mlingo wa pulasitiki.
6. Kutengera ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, kodi ntchito zazikuluzikulu zolimbitsa kutentha ndi ziti?
Yankho: ① Chotsani ndi kulowerera hcl, choletsa mphamvu zake zokha; ② Sinthani ma allyl chloride chloride matomu a pvc mamolekyu a pvc kuti aletse kuchotsera kwa HCL; ③ Zowonjezera zomwe zimachitika ndi ma poline amasokoneza mapangidwe a makina ophatikizidwa akulu ndikuchepetsa kuvomerezeka; ④ Kugwira ma radical aulere ndikupewa oxidation; ⑤ Kulowerera kapena kukwaniritsa masuonni a chitsulo kapena zinthu zina zovulaza zomwe zidawonongeka; - Imateteza, yoteteza, ndi kufooketsa zotsatira pa radiation ya ultraviolet.
7.Kodi ma radiation a ultraviolet ndi owononga kwambiri owononga ma polima?
Yankho: Masamba a ultraviolet ndi otalika komanso amphamvu, akuswa polymer yolumikizira mankhwala ambiri.
8. Kodi mawu osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi vuto lam'madzi omwe ali nawo, ndipo mfundo yake ndi ntchito yake ndi iti?
Yankho: Boymescent flardants ndi wa phosphorous nayitrogen synergisticy.
Kanema: Pamene polima wokhala ndi lawiya umatenthedwa, wosanjikiza yunifolomu ya kabobote amatha kupangidwa pamwamba pake. Chosanjikizachi chimakhala bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kubala kwake, mpweya wodzipatula, kupewa utsi komanso kupewa kutsekera.
9. Kodi index ya oxygen ndi chiyani, ndipo pali ubale wotani pakati pa kukula kwa mlozera wa oxygen ndi moto wolerera?
Yankho: OI = O2 / (O2 N2) X 100%, pomwe o2 ndi oxygen. N2: Nitrogen yotentha. Mlozera wa oxygen amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa oxygen wofunikira mu oxygen oxygen osakaniza pomwe zitsanzo zingapo zongopeka zimatha kuwotcha mosalekeza komanso kandulo. Oi <21 ndiyakaya, OI ndi 22-25 ndikudzitchinjiriza, 26-27 ndizovuta kuyankha, ndipo kupitilira 28 ndizovuta kwambiri.
10. Kodi antict halide Flame retard Systems akuwonetsa chiyani?
Yankho: SB2O3 imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antict, pomwe mpweya wopangidwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa halides. SB2O3 / makina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma halides makamaka chifukwa chogwirizana ndi hydrogen halide yotulutsidwa ndi halides.
Ndipo malonda ake amawola ku SBCL3, yomwe ndi mpweya wosasunthika wokhala ndi malo otsika owira. Mpweya uwu umakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri ndipo umatha kukhala mu malo opezekapo kwa nthawi yayitali kuti muchepetse mpweya woyaka, kudzipatula, ndikupanga gawo pakuletsa olera; Kachiwiri, imatha kugwira ma raicals aulere kuti agulitse malawi. Kuphatikiza apo, SBCL3 imatsimikiza ngati tinthu tokhazikika pamoto, ndipo khoma lake limabalalitsa kutentha kwakukulu, ndikuchepetsa kapena kuletsa kuthamanga. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa 3: 1 ndikoyenera kwa chlorine kwa ma atomu achitsulo.
11. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, kodi njira zamoto zimayendera bwanji?
Yankho:
② Flame Olerdants akuwopseza kuti apange mipweya yopanda mphamvu, potero kuphatikiza mipweya yoyaka ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni mu malo oyaka; ③ Kufalikira ndi kuwonongeka kwa moto wosinthiratu kumatenga kutentha ndi kutentha;
④ Flame oyang'anira amalimbikitsa mapangidwe a matenthedwe okhazikika pamtunda wa pulasitiki, kuteteza kutentha komanso kuyaka.
12.Kodi pulasitiki amakonda magetsi pamagetsi pokonzekera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito?
Yankho: Chifukwa chakuti unyolo wamatumbo a polymer amakhala ndi zomangira zambiri, sangasinthe ma elekiti kapena kusamutsa ma elekitoni. Pa kukonza ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zake, zikakhala kuti zimalumikizana ndi zinthu zina kapena zokha, zimakhazikika chifukwa cha phindu kapena kuvuta kwa ma elekitoni, ndipo ndizovuta kuzimiririka pakudzipatula.
13. Kodi mapangidwe a mitundu ya asiritsi ya antital ndi iti?
Yankho: RYX R: Gulu la Oleopehilic, Y: Linker Gulu, X: Hydrophilic Gulu. Mu mamolekyulu awo, payenera kukhala malire pakati pa gulu la oleopelilic yopanda polar ndi gulu la mpiru, ndipo ayenera kukhala ndi mgwirizano wina ndi zida zina ndi zida za polymer. Magulu a ma alkyl pamwambapa a C12 ndi magulu owonera, pomwe hydroxyl, carboyl, sulmonic acid, ndi magetsi a eyrophilic ndi magulu a hydrophilic.
14. Fotokozani mwachidule magwiridwe antchito a anti-Static.
Yankho: Choyamba, otsutsana ndi otsutsa amapanga filimu yopitilira muyeso pamtunda, yomwe imatha kuyika mawonekedwe a mankhwalawo ndi ma ionirization, pofuna kukwaniritsa zomwe zimapangidwa mwachangu, kuti mukwaniritse cholinga cha anti-Static; Lachiwiri ndikupanga mawonekedwe a mafutawo ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta, kuchepetsa zoyeserera, motero kuponderera ndikuchepetsa m'badwo wa milandu yokhazikika.
Othandizira otsutsa kunja, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma sol solt kapena osamwa ndi madzi, mowa, kapena ma sol sol sol sol. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito othandizira anti-stiic kuti alembetse zida za polymer, hydrophilic gawo la anti-sysophilicly adsors pansi pazinthuzo, ndipo popanga gawo la madzi pamlengalenga, omwe amapanga mbali yothetsa magetsi okhazikika;
② Anti-Static wothandizira wamkati amasakanikirana mu polymer matrix pa pulasitiki, kenako amasamukira kudziko la polymer kuti azigwira ntchito yotsutsa;
③ Mtumiki wa Polymer wophatikizidwa ndi ma polymer ndi njira yophatikizira ma vioner ophatikizika mu polymers kuti apange njira zochititsa chidwi zomwe zimayambitsa ndikutulutsa milandu.
15.Kosintha kotani nthawi zambiri kumachitika popanga ndi katundu wa mphira pambuyo pa chipuno?
Yankho: ② Kusala kudyanso; ③ Osasungunukanso mu zosungunulira zake; ④ Sinthani mosinthika ndi kuuma; ⑤ zidasintha mphamvu; ⑥ Kulimbana ndi akulu akulu ndi kukhazikika kwamankhwala; ⑦ Ntchito ya sing'anga imachepa.
16. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa sulufure sulfide ndi sulufule wopereka?
Yankho: ① sulufur valcananization: mabondo angapo a sulufur, kukana kutentha, kukana kosavuta, kusinthasintha kwakukulu, komanso kusintha kwakukulu; ② sulur sulror: mabondo angapo a sulufule, kukana kutentha kwabwino komanso kukalamba kukana.
17. Kodi wotsogolera uvangano umachita chiyani?
Yankho: Sinthani luso lopanga zopangidwa ndi zinthu za mphira, kuchepetsa mtengo, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. Zinthu zomwe zingalimbikitse. Itha kufupikitsa nthawi yopuma, tsitsani kutentha kwa kuwonongeka, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa wothandizira wakuthupi, ndikusintha mphamvu yakuthupi ndi makina a mphira.
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19. Fotokozani mwachidule ntchito ndi mitundu yayikulu ya othandizira
Yankho: Ntchito ya oyendetsayo ndikuwonjezera ntchito ya okuthandizani, sinthani mlingo wa okuthandizani, ndikufupikitsa nthawi yopuma.
Wothandizira: chinthu chomwe chimatha kuwonjezera zomwe zimachitika mwachangu, zomwe zimawathandiza kuthana nazo bwino, pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafinya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kufupikitsa nthawi yopuma. Atumiki a Yogwira nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: othandizira ogwiritsa ntchito ndi othandizira okhazikika. Ogwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito ma oxides, hydroxides, ndi carbonan; Organic zowagwiritsa ntchito amapezeka mafuta acids, amine, sopo, sols, ndi mowa. Kuonjezera gawo laling'ono la ogwiritsa ntchito paphika wa mphira amatha kukonza digiri ya Varcananition.
1) Ogwiritsa ntchito othandizira: makamaka azitsulo;
2) Othandizira okhazikika: makamaka mafuta acids.
Chidwi: ② ZNO imatha kusintha kutentha kwamoto kwa mphira.
20.Kodi zikutanthauzanji kwa ma scoprators ndi mitundu yanji ya ma actives omwe ali ndi zotsatira zabwino?
Yankho: Pansi pa kutentha kwa ku Vulcanation, sikungayambitse zoyambirira. Mukakhala kuti kutentha kwamphamvu kukufikiridwa, ntchito yolimba imakwera, ndipo malowa amatchedwa post zotsatira za owonjezera. Sulfonamides ali ndi zotsatira zabwino.
21. Kutanthauzira kwa mafuta ndi kusiyana pakati pa mafuta amkati ndi wakunja?
Yankho: Mafuta - zowonjezera zomwe zingakuyendere mikangano ndi kutsatira pakati pa pulasitiki ndipo pakati pa kusungunuka ndi zitsulo zosinthika, ndikukhazikitsanso mafuta osinthika, amatchedwa kuti mafuta.
Mafuta akunja amatha kuwonjezera mafuta apulasitiki pokonza, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya pulasitiki pakati pa pulasitiki ndi chitsulo champhamvu, ndipo muchepetse cholinga chokhala ndi katundu wa pulasitiki. Mafuta amkati amatha kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa ma polima, kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa masitedwe ndi kusungunuka kwa ma pulasitiki, kuchepetsa kusungunuka, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe apusite.
Kusiyana pakati pa mafuta amkati ndi kunja: Mafuta amkati amafunikira kulingana bwino ndi ma polima, kuchepetsa mikangano pakati pa unyolo, ndikuwongolera mayendedwe; Ndipo mafuta opatsidwa ndi akunja amafunikira kulingana kwina ndi ma poizo kuti muchepetse mikangano pakati pa ma poizoni ndi malo opezeka.
22. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimatsimikizira kukula kwa zotsatira zolimbitsa thupi?
Yankho: Kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa kumadalira kapangidwe ka pulasitiki yokhayo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kukula kwake, zochitika zapamwamba, komanso kugawana ndikubalalitsa tinthu tambiri. Mbali yofunika kwambiri ndi kulumikizana pakati pa zosefera ndipo gawo la mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi maunyolo polima, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zonse ziwiri za unyolo, komanso mawonekedwe a mitengo ya polymer mkati mwa mawonekedwe.
23. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza kulimba kwa pulatipi lamitengo?
Yankho: ① Mphamvu ya wolimbikitsa amasankhidwa kuti akwaniritse zofunika; ② Mphamvu ya ma polima oyambira imatha kukwaniritsidwa kudzera pakusankha ndi kusintha kwa ma polima; ③ Kugwirizanitsa pamwamba pakati pa mapulasitiki ndi ma polima oyambira; ④ Zipangizo zamagulu kuti zitsimikizire zida zolimbikitsa.
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Yankho: Othandizira omwe akuphatikiza amatanthauza mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zingakuthandizireni mawonekedwe apakati pa mafilimu ndi zida za polymer.
Pali mitundu iwiri yamagulu ogwirira ntchito molecular: imodzi imatha kusintha mankhwala ndi polymer matrix kapena kukhala ndi kulumikizana kwabwino; Mtundu wina umatha kupanga zomangira zamankhwala ndi mafilimu a itorganic. Mwachitsanzo, kusinthanitsa kwa Silane Coupling, njira yeniyeni yolembedwa ija idzalembedwe ngati gulu logwira ntchito ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi mamolekyulu a polymapyl, epoxy, methacryl, marino. X ndi gulu la alkoxy lomwe lingakhale hydrolyzed, monga methoxy, ethoxy, ethc.
25. Kodi wogwira ntchitoyo ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Wogwirizanitsa ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zingapangitse mawonekedwe a biraturose ya mphira kapena pulasitiki m'madzi kapena pulasitiki mkati mwa ma victoni ena.
Wothandizira pathupi: Mtundu wa kuphatikiza zolinga zopindika podalira kusintha kwa thupi lake panthawi yovuta;
Mtumiki wa mankhwala: Kutentha kwina, kudzawola kupangira mpweya umodzi kapena zingapo, kupangitsa kuwononga poyimeni kwa polima.
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Yankho: Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yowirikiza: ① Kubalalitsa kwabwino m'makake; ② Mitundu yotentha ndiyopapatiza komanso yosavuta kuwongolera; Mafuta opangidwa n2 samawotcha, kuphulika, ndimwafuzike mosavuta, imakhala ndi kuchuluka kochepa, ndipo sikophweka kuthawa ku chithovu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phokoso la Robe; ④ Tinthu tating'onoting'ono zimatengera pores yaying'ono yovuta; Pali mitundu yambiri; ⑥ Pambuyo pa thomeking, pali zotsalira zambiri, nthawi zina monga 70% -85%. Zotsalira izi nthawi zina zimayambitsa fungo, zodetsa zida za polima, kapena zimapangitsa chisanu pa chisanu; ⑦ Pa nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri mwanzeru. Ngati kuwola kutentha kwa wothandizila kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, kumatha kuyambitsa kutentha kwambiri ndipo kunja kwa dongosolo lovuta, nthawi zina kumatha kuwonongeka kwamphamvu kwa nthaka ndi kuwononga moto posungira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
27. Kodi maluso a mtundu ndi chiani?
Yankho: Ndiophatikizidwa ndi kutsegula makanema osakhazikika kapena utoto kukhala utomoni; Zigawo Zoyambira: Makulidwe kapena utoto, zonyamula, zobala, zowonjezera; Ntchito: ② Sinthani kubvulira kwa utoto mu pulasitiki; Tetezani thanzi la ogwiritsa ntchito; ④ Njira yosavuta komanso kutembenuka kosavuta; ⑤ Clokha ndi yoyera ndipo siyiyipitsa ziwiya; ⑥ Sungani nthawi ndi zida zopangira.
28. Kodi mphamvu ya utoto imatanthauza chiyani?
Yankho: Ndi kuthekera kwa colorants kuti mukhudze mtundu wa chisakanizo chonse ndi mtundu wawo; Othandizira a utoto akagwiritsidwa ntchito mu pulasitiki, mphamvu zawo zophimba zimatanthawuza kuti amatha kupewa kuwala kosatha.
Post Nthawi: Apr-11-2024