Kodi elastomer ya Thermoplastic polyurethane ndi chiyani?

Kodi elastomer ya Thermoplastic polyurethane ndi chiyani?

Elastomer ya polyurethane ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zopangidwa ndi polyurethane (mitundu ina imatchula thovu la polyurethane, guluu wa polyurethane, zokutira za polyurethane ndi ulusi wa polyurethane), ndipo Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ndi imodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya polyurethane elastomer, Anthu nthawi zambiri amaitcha TPU (mitundu ina iwiri ikuluikulu ya polyurethane elastomers ndi ma polyurethane elastomers opangidwa ndi cast polyurethane, ofupikitsidwa ngati CPU, ndi ma polyurethane elastomers osakanikirana, ofupikitsidwa ngati MPU).

TPU ndi mtundu wa polyurethane elastomer womwe ungasinthidwe kukhala pulasitiki potenthetsera ndikusungunuka ndi solvent. Poyerekeza ndi CPU ndi MPU, TPU ili ndi cross-linking yochepa kapena yopanda mankhwala mu kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala. Unyolo wake wa mamolekyulu ndi wolunjika, koma pali kuchuluka kwa physical cross-linking. Iyi ndi Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer yomwe ndi yodziwika bwino mu kapangidwe kake.

Kapangidwe ndi gulu la TPU

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ndi polima yolunjika ya (AB) block. A ikuyimira polima polyol (ester kapena polyether, kulemera kwa molekyulu kwa 1000 ~ 6000) yokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa molekyulu, yotchedwa unyolo wautali; B ikuyimira diol yokhala ndi maatomu a kaboni a unyolo wowongoka 2-12, wotchedwa unyolo waufupi.

Mu kapangidwe ka Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, gawo A limatchedwa gawo lofewa, lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe osinthasintha komanso ofewa, zomwe zimapangitsa TPU kukhala ndi kuthekera kokulirapo; Unyolo wa urethane womwe umapangidwa ndi momwe B segment ndi isocyanate umatchedwa gawo lolimba, lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe olimba komanso olimba. Mwa kusintha chiŵerengero cha magawo A ndi B, zinthu za TPU zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a thupi ndi makina zimapangidwa.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka gawo lofewa, lingagawidwe m'magulu a polyester, polyether, ndi butadiene, omwe motsatana ali ndi gulu la ester, gulu la ether, kapena gulu la butene. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka gawo lolimba, lingagawidwe m'magulu a urethane ndi urethane urea, omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku ethylene glycol chain extenders kapena diamine chain extenders. Gulu lofala limagawidwa m'magulu a polyester ndi polyether.

Kodi zinthu zopangira TPU ndi ziti?

(1) Diol ya Polima

Macromolecular diol yokhala ndi kulemera kwa mamolekyu kuyambira 500 mpaka 4000 ndi magulu awiri ogwira ntchito, okhala ndi 50% mpaka 80% mu TPU elastomer, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo za TPU.

Polima Diol yoyenera TPU elastomer ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: polyester ikuphatikizapo polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; Polyethers ikuphatikizapo polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), ndi zina zotero.

(2) Diisocyanate

Kulemera kwa mamolekyulu ndi kochepa koma ntchito yake ndi yabwino kwambiri, yomwe sikuti imangogwira ntchito yolumikiza gawo lofewa ndi gawo lolimba, komanso imapatsa TPU zinthu zosiyanasiyana zabwino zakuthupi ndi zamakaniko. Ma diisocyanates omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku TPU ndi awa: Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenyldimethyl diisocyanate (PXDI), ndi zina zotero.

(3) Chowonjezera unyolo

Chowonjezera unyolo chokhala ndi kulemera kwa mamolekyulu a 100 ~ 350, chochokera ku Diol yaying'ono, kulemera kwa mamolekyulu ang'onoang'ono, kapangidwe ka unyolo wotseguka komanso gulu lopanda cholowa m'malo mwake chimapangitsa kuti TPU ikhale yolimba kwambiri komanso yolemera kwambiri. Zowonjezera unyolo zoyenera TPU zikuphatikizapo 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), ndi zina zotero.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito TPU Ngati Chothandizira Cholimbitsa

Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu ndikupeza mphamvu yowonjezera, ma polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomangirira zinthu zosiyanasiyana za thermoplastic ndi rabara zosinthidwa.

Chifukwa cha polarity yake yayikulu, polyurethane imatha kugwirizana ndi ma resins a polar kapena ma rabara, monga chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zachipatala; Kusakaniza ndi ABS kumatha kusintha ma thermoplastics opangidwa ndiukadaulo kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito; Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi polycarbonate (PC), ili ndi zinthu monga kukana mafuta, kukana mafuta, komanso kukana kukhudza, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga matupi a magalimoto; Ikaphatikizidwa ndi polyester, kulimba kwake kumatha kuwongoleredwa; Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kugwirizana bwino ndi PVC, Polyoxymethylene kapena PVDC; Polyester polyurethane imatha kugwirizana bwino ndi 15% Nitrile rabara kapena 40% nitrile rabara/PVC blend; Polyether polyurethane imatha kugwirizananso bwino ndi 40% nitrile rubber/polyvinyl chloride blend adhesive; Imathanso kugwirizana ndi acrylonitrile styrene (SAN) copolymers; Imatha kupanga ma interpenetrating network (IPN) structures ndi reactive polysiloxanes. Ambiri mwa ma blended a blended atchulidwa kale apangidwa kale mwalamulo.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, pakhala kafukufuku wowonjezereka pa kulimba kwa POM ndi TPU ku China. Kusakaniza kwa TPU ndi POM sikungowonjezera kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso mphamvu zamakaniko za TPU, komanso kumalimbitsa kwambiri POM. Ofufuza ena awonetsa kuti mu mayeso opsinjika a fracture, poyerekeza ndi matrix a POM, POM alloy yokhala ndi TPU yasintha kuchoka pa brittle fracture kupita ku ductile fracture. Kuwonjezera kwa TPU kumapatsanso POM mphamvu yokumbukira mawonekedwe. Dera la crystalline la POM limagwira ntchito ngati gawo lokhazikika la mawonekedwe a alloy, pomwe dera losasinthika la amorphous TPU ndi POM limagwira ntchito ngati gawo losinthika. Pamene kutentha kwa kuchira kuli 165 ℃ ndipo nthawi yochira ndi masekondi 120, kuchuluka kwa alloy kumafika pa 95%, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri.

TPU ndi yovuta kugwirizana ndi zinthu zopanda polar polymer monga polyethylene, polypropylene, Ethylene propylene rabara, butadiene rabara, isoprene rabara kapena waste rabara ufa, ndipo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zophatikizika bwino. Chifukwa chake, njira zochizira pamwamba monga plasma, corona, Wet chemistry, primer, flame kapena reactive gas nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Mwachitsanzo, American Air Products and Chemicals Company yachita F2/O2 active gas treatment surface pa ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fine powder yokhala ndi molecular weight ya 3-5 miliyoni, ndipo yawonjezera ku polyurethane elastomer pa chiŵerengero cha 10%, zomwe zingathandize kwambiri Flexural modulus yake, tensile strength ndi cloar resistance. Ndipo F2/O2 active gas treatment ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa ulusi waufupi wotalikirapo wokhala ndi 6-35mm, zomwe zingathandize kuuma ndi kuuma kwa zinthu zophatikizika.

Kodi TPU imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?

Mu 1958, Goodrich Chemical Company (yomwe tsopano yasinthidwa dzina kukhala Lubrizol) idalembetsa koyamba mtundu wa TPU Estane. Kwa zaka 40 zapitazi, pakhala mayina opitilira 20 padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mitundu ingapo yazinthu. Pakadali pano, opanga zinthu zazikulu za TPU padziko lonse lapansi ndi awa: BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, McKinsey, Golding, ndi zina zotero.

Monga elastomer yabwino kwambiri, TPU ili ndi zinthu zambiri zotsatizana, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zofunika tsiku ndi tsiku, zinthu zamasewera, zoseweretsa, zinthu zokongoletsera, ndi zina. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo.

① Zipangizo za nsapato

TPU imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga nsapato chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake komanso kusatha kutopa. Zovala za nsapato zokhala ndi TPU ndizosavuta kuvala kuposa nsapato wamba, kotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga nsapato zapamwamba, makamaka nsapato zina zamasewera ndi nsapato wamba.

② Mapayipi

Chifukwa cha kufewa kwake, mphamvu yabwino yokoka, mphamvu yokoka, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri, mapaipi a TPU amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China ngati mapaipi a gasi ndi mafuta pazida zamakanika monga ndege, matanki, magalimoto, njinga zamoto, ndi zida zamakina.

③ Chingwe

TPU imapereka mphamvu yolimbana ndi kung'ambika, kukana kugunda, komanso kupindika, ndipo kukana kutentha kwambiri ndi kotsika ndiye chinsinsi cha magwiridwe antchito a chingwe. Chifukwa chake pamsika waku China, zingwe zapamwamba monga zingwe zowongolera ndi zingwe zamagetsi zimagwiritsa ntchito ma TPU kuteteza zida zophikira za mapangidwe ovuta a chingwe, ndipo ntchito zawo zikuchulukirachulukira.

④ Zipangizo zachipatala

TPU ndi chinthu chotetezeka, chokhazikika komanso chapamwamba kwambiri cholowa m'malo mwa PVC, chomwe sichikhala ndi Phthalate ndi zinthu zina zovulaza, ndipo chimasamutsidwira m'magazi kapena zakumwa zina mu catheter yachipatala kapena thumba lachipatala kuti chibweretse zotsatirapo zoyipa. Kuphatikiza apo, TPU yopangidwa mwapadera yokhala ndi mtundu wapadera wa extrusion grade ndi jakisoni ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta pochotsa zolakwika pang'ono mu zida zomwe zilipo za PVC.

⑤ Magalimoto ndi njira zina zoyendera

Mwa kutulutsa ndi kuphimba mbali zonse ziwiri za nsalu ya nayiloni ndi polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, ma rafts otha kupumira ndi ma rafts ofufuza omwe amanyamula anthu 3-15 akhoza kupangidwa, ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri kuposa ma rafts otha kupumira a rabara; Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga ziwalo za thupi monga ziwalo zoumbidwa mbali zonse ziwiri za galimotoyo, zikopa za zitseko, ma bumpers, ma strips oletsa kupsinjika, ndi ma grilles.