Kodi Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ndi chiyani?

Kodi Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ndi chiyani?

Polyurethane elastomer ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zopangidwa ndi polyurethane (mitundu ina imatchula thovu la polyurethane, zomatira za polyurethane, zokutira za polyurethane ndi ulusi wa polyurethane), ndipo Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ndi imodzi mwamitundu itatu ya polyurethane elastomer, Anthu amakonda kuitcha TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer). mitundu ina iwiri ikuluikulu ya polyurethane elastomers ndi polyurethane elastomers, achidule monga CPU, ndi osakaniza. polyurethane elastomers, yofupikitsidwa ngati MPU).

TPU ndi mtundu wa polyurethane elastomer yomwe imatha kupangidwa ndi pulasitiki ndikutenthedwa ndikusungunuka ndi zosungunulira. Poyerekeza ndi CPU ndi MPU, TPU ili ndi pang'ono kapena palibe mankhwala olumikizana nawo pamapangidwe ake. Unyolo wake wa mamolekyulu ndi wozungulira, koma pali kuchuluka kwa kulumikizana kwathupi. Iyi ndi Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer yomwe ili yodziwika kwambiri pamapangidwe.

Kapangidwe ndi kagawo ka TPU

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ndi (AB) block linear polima. A amaimira polymer polymer (ester kapena polyether, molekyulu yolemera 1000 ~ 6000) yokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa maselo, otchedwa unyolo wautali; B imayimira diol yomwe ili ndi maatomu a carbon 2-12 owongoka, otchedwa unyolo waufupi.

Mu kapangidwe ka Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, gawo A limatchedwa gawo lofewa, lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe a kusinthasintha ndi kufewa, kupangitsa TPU kukhala ndi extensibility; Unyolo wa urethane wopangidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika pakati pa gawo B ndi isocyanate amatchedwa gawo lolimba, lomwe lili ndi zinthu zolimba komanso zolimba. Posintha chiŵerengero cha magawo A ndi B, zinthu za TPU zomwe zimakhala ndi thupi ndi makina osiyanasiyana zimapangidwa.

Malingana ndi gawo lofewa, likhoza kugawidwa mu mtundu wa poliyesitala, mtundu wa polyether, ndi mtundu wa butadiene, womwe uli ndi gulu la ester, gulu la ether, kapena gulu la butene. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a gawo lolimba, amatha kugawidwa mumtundu wa urethane ndi mtundu wa urethane urea, womwe umapezeka motsatana kuchokera ku ethylene glycol chain extenders kapena diamine chain extenders. Gulu wamba amagawidwa mu polyester mtundu ndi polyether mtundu.

Kodi zopangira za TPU synthesis ndi ziti?

(1) Polima Diol

Macromolecular diol yokhala ndi mamolekyulu olemera kuyambira 500 mpaka 4000 ndi magulu osagwira ntchito, okhala ndi 50% mpaka 80% mu TPU elastomer, amatenga gawo lalikulu pazakuthupi ndi zamankhwala za TPU.

The polima Diol oyenera TPU elastomer akhoza kugawidwa poliyesitala ndi poliyesitala: poliyesitala zikuphatikizapo polytetramethylene Adipic asidi glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; Ma polyethers akuphatikizapo polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), etc.

(2) Diisocyanate

Kulemera kwa mamolekyu ndi kochepa koma ntchitoyo ndi yabwino kwambiri, yomwe sikuti imangogwira ntchito yolumikiza gawo lofewa ndi gawo lolimba, komanso limapatsa TPU zinthu zosiyanasiyana zabwino zakuthupi ndi zamakina. Ma diisocyanates omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku TPU ndi: Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenyldimethyl diisocyanate PXDI), etc.

(3) Chain extender

The chain extender yokhala ndi molekyulu yolemetsa ya 100 ~ 350, ya Diol yaying'ono ya mamolekyu, kulemera kwa mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono, mawonekedwe otseguka a unyolo ndipo palibe gulu lolowa m'malo lomwe limathandizira kupeza kuuma kwakukulu komanso kulemera kwakukulu kwa TPU. Ma chain extenders oyenera TPU akuphatikizapo 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), ndi zina zotero.

Kusintha Kugwiritsa Ntchito TPU ngati Wothandizira Wovuta

Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira ndikupeza zina zowonjezera, ma elastomer a polyurethane thermoplastic amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kulimbitsa zida zosiyanasiyana za mphira komanso zosinthidwa.

Chifukwa cha polarity yake yapamwamba, polyurethane ikhoza kugwirizana ndi resin polar kapena rubbers, monga chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mankhwala; Kuphatikiza ndi ABS kungalowe m'malo mwa engineering thermoplastics kuti mugwiritse ntchito; Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi polycarbonate (PC), imakhala ndi zinthu monga kukana mafuta, kukana mafuta, komanso kukana mphamvu, ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga matupi agalimoto; Pophatikizana ndi polyester, kulimba kwake kumatha kusintha; Komanso, zingakhale bwino n'zogwirizana ndi PVC, Polyoxymethylene kapena PVDC; Polyester polyurethane akhoza bwino n'zogwirizana ndi 15% Nitrile mphira kapena 40% nitrile mphira / PVC analinso; Polyether polyurethane ingakhalenso yogwirizana ndi 40% nitrile labala / polyvinyl kolorayidi kuphatikiza zomatira; Itha kukhalanso yogwirizana ndi acrylonitrile styrene (SAN) copolymers; Itha kupanga ma interpenetrating network (IPN) okhala ndi ma polysiloxanes okhazikika. Zomatira zosakanikirana zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zapangidwa kale.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhala kafukufuku wochulukirachulukira wokhudza kulimba kwa POM ndi TPU ku China. Kuphatikiza kwa TPU ndi POM sikungowonjezera kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso makina a TPU, komanso kumalimbitsa POM. Ofufuza ena awonetsa kuti pakuyesa kwapang'onopang'ono, poyerekeza ndi matrix a POM, aloyi ya POM yokhala ndi TPU yasintha kuchoka ku brittle fracture kupita ku ductile fracture. Kuphatikizika kwa TPU kumapangitsanso POM kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito amakumbukidwe. Chigawo cha crystalline cha POM chimagwira ntchito ngati gawo lokhazikika la mawonekedwe a aloyi, pomwe dera la amorphous la TPU ndi POM limagwira ntchito ngati gawo losinthika. Pamene kutentha kwakuyankhidwa ndi 165 ℃ ndipo nthawi yochira ndi masekondi 120, kuchira kwa alloy kumafika pa 95%, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri.

TPU ndizovuta kuti zigwirizane ndi zinthu zopanda polima monga polyethylene, polypropylene, mphira wa Ethylene propylene, mphira wa butadiene, mphira wa isoprene kapena ufa wa rabara wotayika, ndipo sungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zosakaniza ndi ntchito yabwino. Chifukwa chake, njira zochizira pamwamba monga plasma, corona, Wet chemistry, primer, lawi lamoto kapena mpweya wokhazikika nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza. Mwachitsanzo, American Air Zamgululi ndi Chemicals Company wachita F2/O2 yogwira mpweya pamwamba mankhwala pa kopitilira muyeso-mkulu maselo kulemera polyethylene ufa wabwino ndi maselo kulemera 3-5 miliyoni, ndipo anawonjezera kuti polyurethane elastomer pa chiŵerengero cha 10. %, yomwe imatha kusintha kwambiri modulus yake ya Flexural, mphamvu yamanjenje komanso kukana kuvala. Ndipo F2/O2 yogwira gasi pamwamba mankhwala angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kwa directionally elongated lalifupi ulusi ndi kutalika kwa 6-35mm, amene angathe kusintha kuuma ndi kung'amba kulimba zinthu gulu.

Kodi madera ogwiritsira ntchito TPU ndi ati?

Mu 1958, Goodrich Chemical Company (yomwe tsopano ikutchedwa Lubrizol) inalembetsa mtundu wa TPU Estane koyamba. Pazaka 40 zapitazi, pakhala pali mayina opitilira 20 padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mtundu uliwonse uli ndi zinthu zingapo. Pakadali pano, opanga zazikulu za TPU padziko lonse lapansi ndi: BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, McKinsey, Golding, ndi zina zambiri.

Monga elastomer yabwino kwambiri, TPU ili ndi zinthu zambiri zotsika pansi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku, zinthu zamasewera, zoseweretsa, zida zokongoletsera, ndi zina. M'munsimu muli zitsanzo zochepa.

① Zida za nsapato

TPU imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazida za nsapato chifukwa cha kulimba kwake komanso kukana kuvala. Zovala za nsapato zomwe zili ndi TPU ndizosavuta kuvala kuposa nsapato zanthawi zonse, motero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazogulitsa nsapato zapamwamba, makamaka nsapato zamasewera ndi nsapato wamba.

② Hoses

Chifukwa cha kufewa kwake, kulimba kwamphamvu, kulimba kwamphamvu, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kutsika, mapaipi a TPU amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China ngati mapaipi amafuta ndi mafuta opangira zida zamakina monga ndege, akasinja, magalimoto, njinga zamoto, ndi zida zamakina.

③ Chingwe

TPU imapereka kukana misozi, kukana kuvala, ndi mikhalidwe yopindika, kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kutsika kukhala chinsinsi chakuchita kwa chingwe. Chifukwa chake pamsika waku China, zingwe zotsogola monga zingwe zowongolera ndi zingwe zamagetsi zimagwiritsa ntchito ma TPU kuteteza zida zokutira zamapangidwe ovuta a chingwe, ndipo ntchito zawo zikuchulukirachulukira.

④ Zipangizo zamankhwala

TPU ndi chinthu chotetezeka, chokhazikika komanso chapamwamba cha PVC cholowa m'malo, chomwe sichikhala ndi Phthalate ndi zinthu zina zovulaza, ndipo chidzasamukira ku magazi kapena zakumwa zina mu catheter yachipatala kapena thumba lachipatala kuti libweretse mavuto. Kuphatikiza apo, giredi yopangidwa mwapadera komanso kalasi ya jakisoni TPU itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta ndikuwongolera pang'ono pazida zomwe zilipo za PVC.

⑤ Magalimoto ndi njira zina zoyendera

Mwa kutulutsa ndi kupaka mbali zonse za nsalu ya nayiloni ndi polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, kukwera kwa inflatable kumenyana ndi zida zonyamula anthu 3-15 zitha kupangidwa, ndikuchita bwino kwambiri kuposa mphira wowombedwa ndi mphira; Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zigawo za thupi monga mbali zoumbidwa mbali zonse za galimoto yokha, zikopa za zitseko, mabampu, mizere yoletsa kugundana, ndi ma grill.