OtchedwaPolyirethanendiye chidule cha polyurethane, chomwe chimapangidwa ndi zomwe polisoctani ndi ma polyteanaya, ndipo imakhala ndi magulu ambiri obwereza a amino (- n Mwanjira yeniyeni ya poluretethane, kuphatikiza pa gulu la amino Ester, pali magulu monga urea ndi biuret. Ma polyls ali a mamolekyulu otalika ndi magulu a hydroxyl kumapeto, omwe amatchedwa "magawo ofewa", pomwe ma polycockiyanaya amatchedwa "zigawo zolimba".
Pakati pa ma polyurethane amapangira zigawo zofewa komanso zolimba, zowerengeka zochepa chabe ndi amino acid ester, motero mwina sizingakhale zoyenera kuzitcha kuti polyurethane. Mokulira, pounirethane ndiowonjezera a Isoctanate.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya iyocyAnates imatenga mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti apange zida zosiyanasiyana za polyirethar, monga pulasitiki, zokutira, zomata, etc.
Mzere wa polyurethane ndi mtundu wapadera wa mphira, womwe umapangidwa ndi Polythetter kapena polyester ndi isocyunanate. Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu yambiri chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zopangira, mikhalidwe, ndi njira zodutsa. Kuchokera pamakina opangidwa ndi polyester ndi Polyter, ndipo kuchokera ku njira yosinthira, pali mitundu itatu: kuphatikiza mtundu, ndi mtundu wa thermoplastic.
Kupanga mphira wa polyurethane nthawi zambiri kumapangidwa ndi polyer polyester kapena polyter ndi diisocyanga kuti apange kulemera kochepa kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa kuti muchepetse kulemera kwakukulu komwe kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa nthawi yayitali. Kenako, othandizira oyenera amawonjezeredwa ndikutentheza kuchiritsa, kukhala rabara. Njirayi imatchedwa stuphelmerization kapena njira ziwiri.
Ndikothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi - kusakaniza mzere polyester kapena Polyter ndi diisocyananani, ogwiritsa ntchito opyata, ndi othandizira kuti ayambitsere mphira.
The-gawo la mamolekyulu a TPU imapangitsa unyolo utoto wosavuta kuzungulira, kutulutsa mphira wa polyurethane ndi zotumphukira, ndikuchepetsa mawonekedwe a polymer, ndikuchepetsa kuuma kwake komanso mphamvu yake. The B-gawo limakundani kuzungulira kwa unyolo wa macrorolecular, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa seferting ndi sekondale kuti zikuwonjezere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu za kuuma ndi zovuta zisinthe. Posintha kuchuluka kwa molar pakati pa a ndi b, tpus ndi ma makina osiyanasiyana amatha kupangidwa. Kuphatikizika kwa TPU sikuyenera kungolingalira zolumikizira zolumikizira, komanso zolumikizidwanso ndi ma hydrogen pakati pa mamolekyulu. Mgwirizano wapakati wolumikizidwa wa polyirethane ndiwosiyana ndi kapangidwe ka Hydroxyl rabara. Gulu lake la amino ester, gulu la biuret, urea limapanga gulu lina ndipo magulu ena ogwirira ntchito amakonzedwa mu gawo lokhazikika komanso lokhazikika pa rabay, zomwe zili ndi vuto lina labwinobwino. Kachiwiri, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa magulu ambiri ogwirira ntchito ngati urea kapena carbamate mu rabara ya polyirethacular, ndipo zomangira zachiwiri zopangidwa ndi ma hydrogen zimapangidwanso ndi mphira wa polyerethanene. Kulumikizana kwachiwiri kumathandizira kuti mphira wa polyurethane ukhale ndi mawonekedwe a thermosetrating elastomers mbali imodzi, ndipo mbali inayo, kulumikizidwa kochokera pansi, kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yolumikizana. Chiwopsezo cholumikizira chimatengera kutentha. Pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, kulumikizidwa pang'onopang'ono kumachepa ndikuwonongeka. Polymer ali ndi madzi ena ndipo amatha kuyang'aniridwa ndi thermoplastic. Kutentha kwayamba kuchepa, kulumikizidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikumakomeranso. Kuphatikiza kwa filler pang'ono kumawonjezera mtunda pakati pa mamolekyulu, kumafooketsa luso la kupanga mamolekyules pakati pa mamolekyulu, ndipo imabweretsa kuchepa mphamvu mu mphamvu. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti dongosolo la kukhazikika kwa mphira zosiyanasiyana ku Polyurethane kuchokera kumtunda ndi: ester, ethea, carbamate, ndi biuret. Pakapita kukalamba la mphira wa mphira, gawo loyamba ndikuphwanya nyumba zolumikizirana pakati pa Biretet ndi Urea, kutsatiridwa ndi kuphwanya kwa carbamate ndi urea, unyolo waukulu.
01 kufewetsa
Oureurethane elastomers, monga zida zambiri za poyintmer, fungo la kutentha kwambiri ndikusintha kuchokera ku mtundu wowoneka bwino ku zinthu zowoneka bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepa kwamphamvu. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a mankhwala, kutentha kofalikira kwa zotanuka kumadalira zinthu monga kapangidwe kake kwa mankhwalawo, kulemera kwa sing'anga, komanso kupindika.
Nthawi zambiri, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zochulukitsa, kuwonjezera phokoso la gawo lolimba (monga kufalitsa mphete ya benzene mu Molekyu) ndi zomwe zili gawo lovuta, ndikuwonjezera kachulukidwe chonse ndi kopindulitsa pakuwonjezera kutentha. Mafuta a Thermoplastic, mawonekedwe a matopewo amakhala ozungulira, ndipo kutentha kofewa kwa elastomer kumawonjezeranso pamene kuchuluka kwa ma telecular kumachulukitsa.
Pakuchokera kwa polsurethane elastomers, kachulukidwe kakang'ono kamakhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa kulemera kwa ma celecular. Chifukwa chake, popanga ma elastomers, kuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a isocynananani ndi ma couct okhazikika pazinthu zina mwamphamvu, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ratios ya isocynate ndi njira yamphamvu yosinthira kutentha, komanso mphamvu yopanga elastomer.
Pamene Ppdi (P-Phenyldiisockanate) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zopangira, chifukwa kulumikizidwa mwachindunji kwa magulu awiri a Indonene, zomwe zimapangitsa kulimba mtima kwa gawo lolimba.
Kuchokera ku malingaliro owoneka bwino, kutentha kowirikiza kwa elastomers kumadalira kuchuluka kwa maikolofoni. Malinga ndi malipoti, kutentha kofewa kwa elastomers komwe sikunapatule kozama kwambiri, ndikutsika kutentha kwa pafupifupi 70 ℃, pomwe elastomer kupatukana komwe kumatha kufikira 130-150 ℃. Chifukwa chake, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa maikolofoni kupatukana mu elastomers ndi imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kuti zithetse kutentha kwawo.
Mulingo wa ma mineraphase kupatukana kwa elastomer amatha kusintha pogawa pang'ono ndi zigawo zazitali za zigawo zamtundu wa miyala, potero kumalimbikitsa kuwononga kutentha kwawo. Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha microphase kupatukana ku Polyiredthane ndi kusagwirizana kwa thermodynamic pakati pa zigawo zofewa komanso zolimba. Mtundu wa unyolo wowuma, gawo lolimba ndi zomwe zili, mtundu wofewa, ndi ma hydrogen ogwiritsira ntchito onse ali ndi mwayi wofunikira.
Poyerekeza ndi oyimbira a Dial, oyimitsa diamine monga Moca (3,3-diamisoro-4,4-diaminadipomine magulu a amino) amatha kupangidwa pakati pa magawo olimba ndi kukonza kuchuluka kwa maikolofoni kupatukana m'mabuku; Symmetric mafuta owonjezera monga p - p-dihhyquinone, ndipo hydroquinone ndi yopindulitsa pazachikhalidwe ndikunyamula magawo olimba, potero ndikuwongolera maikolofoni kupatukana kwa zinthu.
Zigawo za Amino ESer zomwe zimapangidwa ndi Aliphatic Indocacngayananani ndi magawo ofatsa ndi zigawo zofewa, zomwe zimapangitsa zigawo zolimba zosungunulira zigawo zofewa, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa maikolofoni. Magawo a Amino EST omwe amapangidwa ndi a Anomactanati a Indomatic ali ndi kulumikizana ndi zigawo zofewa, pomwe kuchuluka kwa malo olekanitsidwa ndikopamwamba. Polyolefin polyirethane amakhala ndi malo olekanitsidwa kwathunthu chifukwa chakuti gawo lofewa silipanga zomangira za hydrogen ndipo zomangira za hydrogen zimatha kungochitika gawo lolimba.
Mphamvu ya hydrogen yolumikizira pamfundo yofewa ya elastomers ndiyofunikanso. Ngakhale ma polytes ndi ma carbonyls mu gawo lofewa amatha kupanga zomangira za hydrogen ndi zigawo zolimba, zimawonjezeranso kutentha kofewa kwa elastomers. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti zomangira za hydrogen zimasungabe 40% pa 200 ℃.
02 kuwola
Magulu a amino ester adayipitsidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri:
- rnhcoor - rnc0 ho-r
- RNHCOOR - RNH2 CO2 Ene
- RNHCOOR - RNHR CO2 Ene
Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya kuwonongeka kwa ma polirethane:
Kupanga zoyambirira za iyoctaniates ndi ma polys;
② Amino acid amawola mu Amine imodzi ndi kaboni dayokisaidi:
- Pangani Amine wachiwiri ndi kaboni dayokisi.
Kuwonongeka kwa mafuta kwa carbamate:
Aryl nhco aryl, ~ 120 ℃;
N-alkyl-nhco-aryl, ~ 180 ℃;
Aryl nhco n-alkyl, ~ 200 ℃;
N-alkyl-nhco-n-alkyl, ~ 250 ℃.
Kukhazikika kwa ma amino acid esster kumakhudzana ndi mitundu ya zoyambira monga Isoctaneates ndi ma polys. Aliphatic iyoctunanaya ndi okwera kuposa a kununkhira a Indomatic, pomwe mowa wamafuta ndiwokwera kuposa mowa wonunkhira. Komabe, mabukuwo akuti kutentha kwa matenthedwe a Aliphatic Anti Acid Ests ali pakati pa 160-180 ℃, ndipo za Amino Antino Acids ndi pakati pa 180-200 ℃, zomwe sizigwirizana ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa. Chifukwa chake chikhoza kukhala chokhudzana ndi njira yoyesera.
M'malo mwake, alionse cdi (1,4-cyclohexane diisocyunanate) ndi HDI (hexamethylene diisocynate) khalani ndi kutentha kopitilira muyeso Mdi ndi TDI. Makamaka Cdi ndi mawonekedwe a symmetrical yadziwika kuti ndi yopanda kutentha kwambiri. Oureretane Elastomers okonzedweratu kuchokera kumaliko abwino, kukana kwabwino kwa hydrolysis, kutentha kotsika kwambiri, kutentha kotsika kwa galasi, komanso kukana kwa UV.
Kuphatikiza pa gulu la Amino Ester,
NHCYCO - (Aliphati urea amapanga), 85-105 ℃;
- NHCYCOO - (OROMATIC Urea amapanga), pamtunda wotentha wa 1-120 ℃;
- NHCYCO - (Aliphatic Biret), kutentha kuyambira 10 ° C mpaka 110 ° C;
NHCYCO - (Abomatic Biret), 115-125 ℃;
NHCONS - (Aliphatic urea), 140-180 p℃;
- NHCONH - (OROMATIC Urea), 160-200 ℃;
Isoculanurate mphete> 270 ℃.
Kutentha kwa mafuta kwa biuret ndi urea kochokera kochepa kwambiri kuposa Aminoformate ndi urea, pomwe Isocyuranurate ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri amafuta. Pakupanga elastomers, a Isoctaniates amathanso kuchita ndi Aminoformate ndi urea kuti apange mawonekedwe a Urea ndi a Biret a Biret. Ngakhale amatha kusintha makina owonjezera a elastomers, ndizosakhazikika kwambiri.
Kuti muchepetse magulu osakhazikika monga bioret ndi urea amapanga ecastomers, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuchuluka kwawo kwaiwisi ndi njira. Ma ratios ochulukirapo a IsocyAate ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo njira zina ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momwe zingagwiritsidwire ntchito imodzi yoyambiranso. Izi zakhala njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri yopanga ma eyerestrane ogonjetseka a polyirethene.
03 hydrolysis ndi mafuta oxidation
Ma polyirethane elastomers amakonda kuwonongeka kwa marrmal m'magulu awo ovuta ndikusintha kokwanira m'magawo awo ofewa pamtenthedwe kwambiri. Zowonjezera za Poyester zimakhala ndi madzi osagwirizana ndi madzi osagwirizana ndi ma hydroll otentha kwambiri. Moyo wa polyester wa polyester / TDI / Diamine amatha kufikira miyezi 4-5 pa 50 ℃, nditangotha milungu iwiri yokha pa 70 ℃, ndi masiku ochepa okha kuposa 100 ℃. Malangizo a Ester amatha kuwola mu ma acid ofanana ndi mowa utawonekera m'madzi otentha ndi nthunzi, ndi urea ndi Amino Magulu a ma elestomer amathanso kuchitika hydrolysis.
Rcoor h20- → rcooh Hor
Esite mowa
Mmodzi rnhconhr imodzi h20- → rxhcooh h2nr -
Amayi
Rnhcoor-hnhcoor-h20- → rncooh Hor -
Amino amapanga esster amino amapanga mowa
Mafuta ophatikizika a Polythet ali ndi mafuta osakhazikika, komanso elastomers α- The hydrogen pa atomu wa kaboni amatumphuka, ndikupanga hydrogen peroxide. Pambuyo pa kuwonongeka kwina ndi cleavage, imapanga ma ratucal a okonda a ma oxide ndi ma hydroxyl, omwe pamapeto pake amawola kukhala kapena aldehydes.
Ma polysiters osiyanasiyana samalimbikitsa kwambiri kukana kutentha kwa elastomer, pomwe ma polytas osiyanasiyana ali ndi mphamvu inayake. Poyerekeza ndi TDI-Moca-Ptmeg, TDI-Moca-PTMA-PTMAG imakhala ndi zaka 71 Cholinga chake chikhoza kukhala ma mamolekyu a PPG ali ndi maunyolo a nthambi, omwe sakugwirizana ndi makekyu okhazikika ndikuchepetsa kukana kutentha kwa thupi. Dongosolo lokhazikika la ma polytals ndi: ptmeg> peg> ppg.
Magulu ena ogwira ntchito mu polyirethane elastomers, monga Urea ndi Carbamate, amakumananso ndi oxidation komanso hydrolysis zomwe zimachitika. Komabe, gulu la ether ndi lodziwika bwino kwambiri, pomwe gulu la ester ndi lodziwika bwino kwambiri. Dongosolo la kutsutsana kwawo ndi Hydrolysis ndi:
Ntchito ya antioxidant: ESTER> Urea> Carbamate> ether;
Kukana kwa Hydrolysis: EST
Kuti muchepetse kukana kwa oxidation kwa Polyretherhane ndi kukana kwa hydrolys ku Polyester Polwoxic Antimox1010 kupita ku PTMEGE Polyser Elastomer Elastomer Elastomer Elastomer. Mphamvu yakuwoneka ya elastomer iyi ikhoza kuwonjezeka nthawi 3-5 poyerekeza ndi popanda antioxidants (zotsatira zoyeserera mukatha kukalamba pa 1500c kwa maola 16). Koma sikuti antioxidant aliyense ali ndi zotsatira za polyurestrane elastor, ndi phenolic 110 ndi topanulic antiwornant, ndipo wakale antioxict, mwina chifukwa chakuti ndi chifukwa chophatikizika ndi elastomers. Komabe, chifukwa cha gawo lofunikira la magulu a phenocyl hydroxyl muokhazikika mu phenolic antioxil antioxil, kuti ma antioxaxyl azikhala ndi ma anticoxyl omwe ali ndi ma esoxidants. Ngati atawonjezeredwa pakupanga ma stuphelitymers, zimakhudza kwambiri chokhazikika.
Zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa hydrolysis a polyester pollusthene elastolic acid ndi ma acid a acyl acyl ureassis. Kuphatikiza kwa carbodiim ku seration ya 2% mpaka 5% imatha kuwonjezera kukhazikika kwamadzi kwa polyirethanene ndi katatu. Kuphatikiza apo, Tertyl Catechlal, Hexamethylenetetramine, Azodicarbonamide, ndi zina zotere.
Makhalidwe a 04
Oureurethane elastomers ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, yokhala ndi unyolo wosinthika ndi kutentha kwagalasi kuposa kutentha kwa kapu ndi kutentha kwa galasi. Pakati pawo, oligumeric ma polyls amapanga zigawo zosinthika, pomwe diisoctaniates ndi ma aning ang'onoang'ono amapanga zigawo zokhazikika. Magawo ophatikizika osinthika ndi okhwima omwe amafufuza momwe amagwirira ntchito padera:
. Ma eyerethane elastomers amatha kutsika ngati Sharoer A10 ndi okwera ngati Sharoer D85, popanda kufunikira kwa thandizo;
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(4) Kukaniza kwabwino kwa madzi, mafuta, ndi mankhwala;
(5) Kulimbana kwakukulu, kukana kukana, komanso kukana, ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi;
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(8) Zoyenera komanso anticoagulant katundu;
(9) Wabwino kwambiri wamagetsi, kutsutsana kwa nkhungu, ndi kukhazikika kwa UV.
Ma eyerethane elastomers amatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwezo ngati mphira wamba, monga mapiko, kusakaniza, ndi kuwonongeka. Amatha kupangidwanso mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi pogwiritsa ntchito, kuwumba, kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Amatha kupangidwanso ndi zida za granular ndikukhazikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni, pomwazika, kugubuduza, kuwomba mafoni, komanso njira zina. Mwanjira imeneyi, sizongoyendetsa bwino ntchito, komanso zimathandizanso kulondola ndi mawonekedwe a malonda
Post Nthawi: Dec-05-2023