TPU ndi polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, yomwe ndi multiphase block copolymer yopangidwa ndi diisocyanates, polyols, ndi chain extenders. Monga elastomer mkulu-ntchito, TPU ali osiyanasiyana kutsika mankhwala malangizo ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zofunika tsiku ndi tsiku, zipangizo masewera, zidole, zipangizo zokongoletsera, ndi madera ena, monga zipangizo nsapato, hoses, zingwe, zipangizo zachipatala, etc.
Pakadali pano, opanga zida zazikulu za TPU akuphatikiza BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Zida Zatsopano za Linghua, ndi zina zotero. Ndi masanjidwe ndi kukula kwa mabizinesi apakhomo, makampani a TPU pakadali pano akupikisana kwambiri. Komabe, m'malo ogwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu apamwamba, amadalirabe zogulitsa kunja, zomwenso ndi malo omwe China ikufunika kuti ikwaniritse bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane za msika wamtsogolo wazinthu za TPU.
1. Supercritical thovu E-TPU
Mu 2012, Adidas ndi BASF pamodzi adapanga mtundu wa nsapato ya EnergyBoost, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito thovu TPU (dzina lamalonda infinergy) ngati zida zapakati. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito polyether TPU yokhala ndi kuuma kwa Shore A 80-85 ngati gawo lapansi, poyerekeza ndi ma EVA midsoles, ma TPU amtundu wa thovu amatha kukhalabe osalala komanso ofewa m'malo ochepera 0 ℃, omwe amathandizira kuvala chitonthozo ndipo amadziwika kwambiri msika.
2. CHIKWANGWANI cholimbitsa zosinthidwa za TPU zophatikizika
TPU ili ndi kukana kwabwino, koma m'mapulogalamu ena, ma modulus apamwamba komanso zida zolimba kwambiri zimafunikira. Kusintha kwa fiber fiber reinforcement ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kukulitsa zotanuka modulus yazinthu. Kudzera kusinthidwa, zida zophatikizika za thermoplastic zokhala ndi zabwino zambiri monga zotanuka modulus, kutchinjiriza bwino, kukana kutentha kwamphamvu, magwiridwe antchito abwino, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kukhudzidwa, kukulitsa kocheperako, komanso kukhazikika kwapang'onopang'ono kumatha kupezeka.
BASF yakhazikitsa ukadaulo wokonzekera TPU yapamwamba yolimbitsa ma modulus fiberglass pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wamfupi wagalasi mu patent yake. TPU yokhala ndi kulimba kwa Shore D ya 83 idapangidwa mwa kusakaniza polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), MDI, ndi 1,4-butanediol (BDO) ndi 1,3-propanediol ngati zopangira. TPU iyi idaphatikizidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi mu chiŵerengero cha 52: 48 kuti ipeze zinthu zophatikizika ndi zotanuka modulus ya 18.3 GPa ndi mphamvu yowonongeka ya 244 MPa.
Kuphatikiza pa ulusi wamagalasi, palinso malipoti azinthu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kaboni fiber composite TPU, monga Covestro's Maezio carbon fiber/TPU composite board, yomwe ili ndi zotanuka modulus mpaka 100GPa komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono kuposa zitsulo.
3. TPU yaulere ya halogen yoletsa moto
TPU ili ndi mphamvu zambiri, kulimba kwambiri, kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri pamawaya ndi zingwe. Koma m'malo ogwiritsira ntchito monga malo othamangitsira, kuchedwa kwamoto kumafunika. Nthawi zambiri pali njira ziwiri zosinthira magwiridwe antchito a TPU. Imodzi ndikusintha koletsa moto, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuyambitsa zinthu zoletsa malawi monga ma polyols kapena isocyanates okhala ndi phosphorous, nayitrogeni, ndi zinthu zina mu kaphatikizidwe ka TPU kudzera mu mgwirizano wamankhwala; Chachiwiri ndikusintha kowonjezera kwamoto, komwe kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito TPU ngati gawo lapansi ndikuwonjezera zoletsa moto kuti zisungunuke.
Kusintha kwachangu kumatha kusintha mawonekedwe a TPU, koma kuchuluka kwa chowonjezera chowonjezera chamoto chikakhala chachikulu, mphamvu ya TPU imachepa, kuwongolera kumawonongeka, ndikuwonjezera pang'ono sikungakwaniritse mulingo wofunikira wamoto. Pakali pano, palibe malonda omwe amawotcha moto woyaka kwambiri omwe angakwaniritsedi kugwiritsa ntchito malo othamangitsira.
Kale Bayer MaterialScience (yomwe tsopano ndi Kostron) idatulutsapo organic phosphorous yokhala ndi polyol (IHPO) yotengera phosphine oxide mu patent. TPU ya polyether yopangidwa kuchokera ku IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, ndi BDO imawonetsa kuchedwa kwamoto komanso makina amakina. Njira ya extrusion ndi yosalala, ndipo pamwamba pa mankhwala ndi yosalala.
Kuonjezera zoziziritsira moto zopanda halogen ndiyo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonzekera TPU ya TPU yopanda halogen. Nthawi zambiri, phosphorous yochokera, nayitrogeni yochokera, silicon yochokera, zoletsa moto za boron zimaphatikizidwa kapena ma hydroxide achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zoletsa malawi. Chifukwa cha kuyaka kwachilengedwe kwa TPU, kuchuluka kwa moto wocheperako kuposa 30% kumafunika nthawi zambiri kuti apange wosanjikiza wokhazikika woletsa moto pakuyaka. Komabe, pamene kuchuluka kwa lawi retardant anawonjezera ndi lalikulu, lawi retardant ndi omwazika mosagwirizana mu gawo lapansi TPU, ndi mawotchi katundu wa lawi retardant TPU si abwino, amenenso kuchepetsa ntchito yake ndi kukwezedwa m'minda monga mapaipi, mafilimu. , ndi zingwe.
Patent ya BASF imayambitsa ukadaulo wa TPU woletsa moto, womwe umaphatikiza melamine polyphosphate ndi phosphorous yomwe ili ndi phosphinic acid monga zoletsa malawi okhala ndi TPU yokhala ndi mamolekyu olemera kwambiri kuposa 150kDa. Zinapezeka kuti ntchito yoletsa moto idawongoleredwa bwino pomwe ikupeza mphamvu zolimba kwambiri.
Kuti apititse patsogolo kulimba kwa zinthuzo, patent ya BASF imayambitsa njira yokonzekera masterbatch yolumikizana ndi ma isocyanates. Kuonjezera 2% ya mtundu uwu wa masterbatch ku kamangidwe kamene kamakwaniritsa zofunikira za UL94V-0 zoletsa moto kungathe kuonjezera mphamvu zolimba za zinthuzo kuchokera ku 35MPa kufika ku 40MPa ndikusungabe V-0 flame retardant performance.
Kupititsa patsogolo kukana kukalamba kwa kutentha kwa TPU yoletsa moto, patent yaLinghua New Materials Companyimayambitsanso njira yogwiritsira ntchito ma hydroxide zitsulo zokutidwa pamwamba ngati zoletsa moto. Pofuna kukonza kukana kwa hydrolysis kwa TPU yoletsa moto,Linghua New Materials Companyanayambitsa zitsulo carbonate pamaziko a kuwonjezera melamine lawi retardant mu ntchito ina patent.
4. TPU ya filimu yoteteza utoto wamagalimoto
Kanema woteteza utoto wamagalimoto ndi filimu yoteteza yomwe imalekanitsa utoto pamwamba pamlengalenga ikatha kuyika, imalepheretsa mvula ya asidi, makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kukwapula, ndipo imapereka chitetezo chokhalitsa pamtundu wa utoto. ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kuteteza galimoto utoto pamwamba pambuyo unsembe. Kanema woteteza utoto nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zigawo zitatu, zokhala ndi zokutira zodzichiritsa zokha, filimu ya polima pakati, ndi zomatira zomata za acrylic pansi. TPU ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pokonzekera mafilimu apakatikati a polima.
Zofunikira pakuchita kwa TPU zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mufilimu yoteteza utoto ndi izi: kukana kukanda, kuwonekera kwambiri (kutumiza kuwala>95%), kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono, kukana kutentha, kulimba kwamphamvu>50MPa, elongation>400%, ndi Shore A. kuuma kwa 87-93; Kuchita kofunikira kwambiri ndikukana nyengo, komwe kumaphatikizapo kukana kukalamba kwa UV, kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni wamafuta, ndi hydrolysis.
Zopangira zokhwima pano ndi aliphatic TPU yokonzedwa kuchokera ku dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) ndi polycaprolactone diol ngati zopangira. TPU wamba wonunkhira bwino amasanduka achikasu pambuyo pa tsiku limodzi la kuwala kwa UV, pomwe aliphatic TPU yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati filimu yokulunga yamagalimoto imatha kukhalabe ndi chikasu popanda kusintha kwakukulu mumikhalidwe yomweyi.
Poly (ε - caprolactone) TPU ili ndi magwiridwe antchito bwino poyerekeza ndi polyether ndi polyester TPU. Kumbali imodzi, imatha kuwonetsa kukana kwamphamvu kwa poliyesitala wamba TPU, pomwe mbali inayo, ikuwonetsanso kupindika kotsika kokhazikika komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba a polyether TPU, motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika.
Chifukwa cha zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pakupanga mtengo wamtengo wapatali pambuyo pa kugawanika kwa msika, ndikuwongolera kwaukadaulo wa zokutira pamwamba ndi luso losinthira zomatira, palinso mwayi wa polyether kapena polyester wamba H12MDI aliphatic TPU kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pamakanema oteteza utoto mtsogolo.
5. TPU ya Biobased
Njira yodziwika bwino yokonzekera TPU yochokera ku bio ndiyo kuyambitsa ma monomers otengera zamoyo kapena zopatsirana panthawi ya polymerization, monga ma isocyanates (monga MDI, PDI), ma polyols, ndi zina zambiri. msika, pomwe ma polyols a biobased ndiofala kwambiri.
Pankhani ya bio-based isocyanates, koyambirira kwa 2000, BASF, Covestro, ndi ena adayika ndalama zambiri pakufufuza kwa PDI, ndipo gulu loyamba lazinthu za PDI zidayikidwa pamsika mu 2015-2016. Wanhua Chemical yapanga 100% zopangira bio based TPU pogwiritsa ntchito bio based PDI yopangidwa kuchokera ku stover ya chimanga.
Pankhani ya ma polyols opangidwa ndi bio, akuphatikiza bio based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG), bio based 1,4-butanediol (BDO), bio based 1,3-propanediol (PDO), bio based polyester polyols, bio based polyether polyols, ndi zina zambiri.
Pakadali pano, opanga TPU angapo akhazikitsa TPU yochokera ku bio, yomwe magwiridwe ake amafanana ndi TPU yachikhalidwe ya petrochemical. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ma TPU okhala ndi bio awa kuli pamlingo wazomwe zili mu bio, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 30% mpaka 40%, pomwe ena amafika pamlingo wapamwamba. Poyerekeza ndi TPU yachikhalidwe ya petrochemical, TPU yochokera ku bio ili ndi zabwino monga kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya, kukonzanso kwazinthu zopangira, kupanga zobiriwira, komanso kusunga zinthu. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, ndiZida Zatsopano za Linghuaakhazikitsa mitundu yawo ya TPU yochokera ku bio, ndipo kuchepetsa mpweya ndi kukhazikika ndi njira zazikulu zopangira chitukuko cha TPU mtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-09-2024