TPU ndi polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, yomwe ndi multiphase block copolymer yopangidwa ndi diisocyanates, polyols, ndi unyolo wowonjezera. Monga elastomer yogwira ntchito bwino, TPU ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malangizo azinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zofunika tsiku ndi tsiku, zida zamasewera, zoseweretsa, zinthu zokongoletsera, ndi zina, monga nsapato, mapayipi, zingwe, zida zamankhwala, ndi zina zotero.
Pakadali pano, opanga zinthu zopangira TPU akuluakulu ndi BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Zida Zatsopano za Linghua, ndi zina zotero. Ndi kapangidwe ndi kukulitsa mphamvu za mabizinesi akunyumba, makampani a TPU pakadali pano ali ndi mpikisano waukulu. Komabe, m'munda wa ntchito zapamwamba, amadalirabe zinthu zochokera kunja, zomwe ndi gawo lomwe China ikufunika kuti ipambane. Tiyeni tikambirane za chiyembekezo chamtsogolo cha zinthu za TPU pamsika.
1. E-TPU yotulutsa thovu kwambiri
Mu 2012, Adidas ndi BASF adapanga limodzi mtundu wa nsapato zothamanga wa EnergyBoost, womwe umagwiritsa ntchito TPU yopangidwa ndi thovu (dzina lamalonda infinergy) ngati chinthu chapakati. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito polyether TPU yokhala ndi kuuma kwa Shore A kwa 80-85 ngati gawo lapansi, poyerekeza ndi EVA midsoles, ma TPU midsoles opangidwa ndi thovu amatha kukhalabe otanuka komanso ofewa bwino m'malo otsika pansi pa 0 ℃, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo zimadziwika kwambiri pamsika.
2. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi TPU zowonjezeredwa ndi ulusi
TPU ili ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kukhudza, koma m'magwiritsidwe ena, ma modulus okhala ndi elastic komanso zinthu zolimba kwambiri zimafunika. Kusintha kwa ulusi wagalasi ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti iwonjezere elastic modulus ya zinthu. Kudzera mu kusinthaku, zinthu zopangidwa ndi thermoplastic zomwe zili ndi zabwino zambiri monga ma modulus okhala ndi elastic, kutchinjiriza bwino, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa elastic, kukana dzimbiri, kukana kukhudza, kukulitsa pang'ono, komanso kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe kungapezeke.
BASF yayambitsa ukadaulo wokonzekera TPU yolimbikitsidwa ndi fiberglass ya modulus pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi waufupi wagalasi mu patent yake. TPU yokhala ndi kuuma kwa Shore D kwa 83 idapangidwa posakaniza polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), MDI, ndi 1,4-butanediol (BDO) ndi 1,3-propanediol ngati zinthu zopangira. TPU iyi idaphatikizidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi mu chiŵerengero cha 52:48 kuti ipeze zinthu zophatikizika ndi modulus yotanuka ya 18.3 GPa ndi mphamvu yokoka ya 244 MPa.
Kuwonjezera pa ulusi wagalasi, palinso malipoti a zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito TPU ya ulusi wa carbon, monga Covestro's Maezio carbon fiber/TPU composite board, yomwe ili ndi elastic modulus yofika 100GPa komanso kachulukidwe kochepa kuposa zitsulo.
3. TPU yopanda moto woletsa moto wa Halogen
TPU ili ndi mphamvu zambiri, kulimba kwambiri, kukana kuvala bwino komanso zinthu zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya ndi zingwe. Koma m'magawo ogwiritsira ntchito monga malo ochapira, kuchedwa kwa moto kwambiri kumafunika. Nthawi zambiri pali njira ziwiri zowongolera magwiridwe antchito a TPU oletsa moto. Njira imodzi ndi kusintha kwa reactive flame retardant, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuyambitsa zinthu zoletsa moto monga polyols kapena isocyanates zokhala ndi phosphorous, nayitrogeni, ndi zinthu zina mu kapangidwe ka TPU kudzera mu mgwirizano wa mankhwala; Yachiwiri ndi kusintha kwa zowonjezera za flame retardant, komwe kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito TPU ngati substrate ndikuwonjezera zoletsa moto kuti zisungunuke.
Kusintha kwa reactive kungasinthe kapangidwe ka TPU, koma pamene kuchuluka kwa choletsa moto chowonjezera kuli kwakukulu, mphamvu ya TPU imachepa, magwiridwe antchito a kukonza amachepa, ndipo kuwonjezera pang'ono sikungafikire mulingo wofunikira wa choletsa moto. Pakadali pano, palibe chinthu choletsa moto chogulitsidwa chomwe chingakwaniritse bwino ntchito za malo ochapira.
Kampani yakale ya Bayer MaterialScience (yomwe tsopano ndi Kostron) idayambitsa kale phosphorous yachilengedwe yokhala ndi polyol (IHPO) yochokera ku phosphine oxide mu patent. Polyether TPU yopangidwa kuchokera ku IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, ndi BDO imasonyeza kuchedwa kwa moto komanso mphamvu zamakanika. Njira yotulutsira ndi yosalala, ndipo pamwamba pa chinthucho ndi yosalala.
Kuwonjezera zinthu zoletsa moto zopanda halogen pakadali pano ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri yopangira TPU yopanda halogen. Kawirikawiri, zinthu zoletsa moto zochokera ku phosphorous, nayitrogeni, silicon, boron zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zoletsa moto. Chifukwa cha kuyaka kwa TPU, nthawi zambiri pamafunika zinthu zoletsa moto zopitirira 30% kuti pakhale zinthu zoletsa moto zokhazikika panthawi yoyatsa. Komabe, pamene zinthu zoletsa moto zowonjezera zimakhala zambiri, zinthu zoletsa moto zimafalikira mosagwirizana mu TPU, ndipo mphamvu za makina za TPU yoletsa moto sizoyenera, zomwe zimalepheretsanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kukwezedwa kwake m'magawo monga mapayipi, mafilimu, ndi zingwe.
Patent ya BASF imayambitsa ukadaulo wa TPU woletsa moto, womwe umaphatikiza melamine polyphosphate ndi phosphorous yokhala ndi phosphinic acid yochokera ku phosphoric acid ngati zoletsa moto ndi TPU yokhala ndi kulemera kwapakati kwa molekyulu yoposa 150kDa. Zinapezeka kuti magwiridwe antchito a zoletsa moto adakwera kwambiri pamene akupeza mphamvu yayikulu yogwira ntchito.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yokoka ya chinthucho, patent ya BASF imayambitsa njira yokonzekera crosslinking agent masterbatch yokhala ndi isocyanates. Kuwonjezera 2% ya mtundu uwu wa masterbatch ku chinthu chomwe chikukwaniritsa zofunikira za UL94V-0 flame retardant kumatha kuwonjezera mphamvu yokoka ya chinthucho kuchokera pa 35MPa mpaka 40MPa pomwe ikusunga magwiridwe antchito a V-0 flame retardant.
Kuti patent ya TPU yoletsa moto ipitirire kukana kutentha, idapangidwa kuti iwonjezere mphamvu ya kukalamba.Kampani ya Linghua New Materialsimayambitsanso njira yogwiritsira ntchito zitsulo zophimbidwa pamwamba ngati zoletsa moto. Pofuna kulimbitsa kukana kwa hydrolysis kwa TPU yoletsa moto,Kampani ya Linghua New Materialsadayambitsa metal carbonate potengera kuwonjezera melamine flame retardant mu ntchito ina ya patent.
4. TPU ya filimu yoteteza utoto wamagalimoto
Filimu yoteteza utoto wa galimoto ndi filimu yoteteza yomwe imachotsa pamwamba pa utoto kuchokera mumlengalenga mutakhazikitsa, imaletsa mvula ya asidi, kukhuthala, kukanda, komanso imapereka chitetezo chokhalitsa pamwamba pa utoto. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuteteza pamwamba pa utoto wa galimoto mutakhazikitsa. Filimu yoteteza utoto nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zigawo zitatu, yokhala ndi chophimba chodzichiritsa pamwamba, filimu ya polima pakati, ndi guluu wotsutsana ndi kupsinjika kwa acrylic pansi. TPU ndi imodzi mwa zipangizo zazikulu zokonzekera mafilimu apakati a polima.
Zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa TPU zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu filimu yoteteza utoto ndi izi: kukana kukanda, kuwonekera bwino (kutumiza kuwala> 95%), kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kochepa, kukana kutentha kwambiri, mphamvu yokoka> 50MPa, kutalika> 400%, ndi kuuma kwa Shore A kwa 87-93; Kugwira ntchito kofunikira kwambiri ndi kukana nyengo, komwe kumaphatikizapo kukana ukalamba wa UV, kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni, ndi hydrolysis.
Zinthu zomwe zakhwima pakadali pano ndi aliphatic TPU yopangidwa kuchokera ku dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) ndi polycaprolactone diol ngati zopangira. TPU yachizolowezi yonunkhira imasanduka yachikasu pambuyo pa tsiku limodzi la kuwala kwa UV, pomwe aliphatic TPU yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga filimu yophimba magalimoto imatha kusunga chikasu chake popanda kusintha kwakukulu pansi pa mikhalidwe yomweyi.
TPU ya Poly (ε – caprolactone) ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino poyerekeza ndi polyether ndi polyester TPU. Kumbali imodzi, imatha kuwonetsa kukana kwabwino kwa polyester TPU wamba, pomwe kumbali ina, imasonyezanso kusintha kwapadera kwa polyether TPU, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika.
Chifukwa cha zofunikira zosiyanasiyana kuti mtengo wa zinthu ukhale wotsika mtengo pambuyo pogawa msika, ndi kusintha kwa ukadaulo wokutira pamwamba ndi kuthekera kosintha njira zomatira, palinso mwayi woti polyether kapena polyester H12MDI aliphatic TPU igwiritsidwe ntchito pa mafilimu oteteza utoto mtsogolo.
5. TPU Yochokera ku Biobased
Njira yodziwika bwino yokonzekera TPU yochokera ku bio ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma monomers kapena ma intermediates ochokera ku bio panthawi ya polymerization, monga ma isocyanates ochokera ku bio (monga MDI, PDI), ma polyols ochokera ku bio, ndi zina zotero. Pakati pawo, ma isocyanates ochokera ku bio ndi osowa kwambiri pamsika, pomwe ma polyols ochokera ku bio ndi ofala kwambiri.
Ponena za isocyanates zochokera ku bio, kuyambira mu 2000, BASF, Covestro, ndi ena adayika khama lalikulu mu kafukufuku wa PDI, ndipo gulu loyamba la zinthu za PDI lidayikidwa pamsika mu 2015-2016. Wanhua Chemical yapanga zinthu za TPU zochokera ku bio pogwiritsa ntchito PDI zochokera ku bio zopangidwa kuchokera ku chimanga.
Ponena za ma polyols okhala ndi bio, amaphatikizapo polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG) yokhala ndi bio, 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,3-propanediol (PDO) yokhala ndi bio, polyols okhala ndi bio, polyols okhala ndi bio, ndi zina zotero.
Pakadali pano, opanga TPU ambiri ayambitsa TPU yochokera ku bio, yomwe magwiridwe ake ndi ofanana ndi TPU yachikhalidwe yochokera ku petrochemical. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa TPU iyi yochokera ku bio ili mu kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka ku bio, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 30% mpaka 40%, ndipo ena amafika pamlingo wapamwamba. Poyerekeza ndi TPU yachikhalidwe yochokera ku petrochemical, TPU yochokera ku bio ili ndi zabwino monga kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon, kukonzanso zinthu zopangira mosalekeza, kupanga zinthu zobiriwira, komanso kusunga chuma. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, ndiZida Zatsopano za Linghuaayambitsa mitundu yawo ya TPU yochokera ku bio, ndipo kuchepetsa mpweya woipa ndi kukhazikika kwake ndi njira zofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa TPU mtsogolomu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-09-2024