Mu 1958, Goodrich Chemical Company (yomwe tsopano ikutchedwa Lubrizol) inalembetsa mtundu wa TPU Estane koyamba. Pazaka 40 zapitazi, pakhala pali mayina opitilira 20 padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mtundu uliwonse uli ndi zinthu zingapo. Pakadali pano, opanga zinthu za TPU makamaka akuphatikizapo BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, Wanhua Chemical Group, Shanghai Heng'an, Ruihua, Xuchuan Chemical, etc.
1, Gulu la TPU
Malingana ndi gawo lofewa, likhoza kugawidwa mu mtundu wa poliyesitala, mtundu wa polyether, ndi mtundu wa butadiene, womwe uli ndi gulu la ester, gulu la ether, kapena gulu la butene.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a gawo lolimba, amatha kugawidwa mumtundu wa urethane ndi mtundu wa urethane urea, womwe umapezeka motsatana kuchokera ku ethylene glycol chain extenders kapena diamine chain extenders. Gulu wamba amagawidwa mu polyester mtundu ndi polyether mtundu.
Kutengera kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa zolumikizirana, zitha kugawidwa mu thermoplastic yoyera ndi semi thermoplastic.
Zoyambazo zimakhala ndi mzere woyera komanso wopanda zomangira; Zotsirizirazi zimakhala ndi zomangira zochepa zomangika monga Allophanic acid ester.
Malinga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomalizidwa, zitha kugawidwa m'magawo ojambulidwa (zosiyanasiyana zamakina), mapaipi (ma sheath, mbiri ya bar), mafilimu (mapepala, mbale zoonda), zomatira, zokutira, ulusi, ndi zina zambiri.
2, kaphatikizidwe ka TPU
TPU ndi ya polyurethane malinga ndi kapangidwe ka maselo. Nanga zinaphatikizana bwanji?
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana kaphatikizidwe, izo makamaka anawagawa chochuluka polymerization ndi njira polymerization.
Mu polymerization yochuluka, imathanso kugawidwa m'njira zopangira ma polymerization ndi njira imodzi yotengera kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa zomwe zimachitika:
Njira ya prepolymerization imaphatikizapo kuchitapo kanthu diisocyanate ndi macromolecular diols kwa nthawi inayake musanawonjezere unyolo wowonjezera kuti mupange TPU;
Njira imodzi imaphatikizapo kusakaniza nthawi imodzi ndikuchita ma macromolecular diols, diisocyanates, ndi ma chain extenders kupanga TPU.
Solution polymerization imaphatikizapo kusungunula kwa diisocyanate mu zosungunulira, kenako ndikuwonjezera ma macromolecular diols kuti achitepo kwakanthawi, ndikuwonjezera ma chain extenders kuti apange TPU.
Mtundu wa gawo lofewa la TPU, kulemera kwa mamolekyu, zolimba kapena zofewa, komanso kuphatikizika kwa TPU kumatha kukhudza kachulukidwe ka TPU, ndi kachulukidwe pafupifupi 1.10-1.25, ndipo palibe kusiyana kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi ma rubber ndi mapulasitiki ena.
Pa kuuma komweko, kachulukidwe ka polyether mtundu wa TPU ndi wotsika kuposa mtundu wa polyester TPU.
3, Kusintha kwa TPU
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta TPU timafunikira njira zosiyanasiyana kuti apange chomaliza, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosungunulira komanso zothetsera TPU.
Kusungunuka kwachitsulo ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani apulasitiki, monga kusakaniza, kugudubuza, kutulutsa, kupukuta, kuumba, ndi kuumba;
Yankho processing ndi ndondomeko ya kukonzekera njira ndi Kutha particles mu zosungunulira kapena mwachindunji polymerizing iwo mu zosungunulira, ndiyeno ❖ kuyanika, kupota, ndi zina zotero.
Chomaliza chopangidwa kuchokera ku TPU nthawi zambiri sichifuna vulcanization crosslinking reaction, yomwe imatha kufupikitsa nthawi yopanga ndikubwezeretsanso zinyalala.
4, Magwiridwe a TPU
TPU ili ndi modulus yayikulu, mphamvu yayikulu, kutalika kwambiri komanso kukhazikika, kukana kuvala bwino, kukana mafuta, kukana kutentha, komanso kukana kukalamba.
Kulimba kwamphamvu kwambiri, kutalika kwambiri, komanso kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwanthawi yayitali ndi zabwino zonse za TPU.
XiaoU ifotokoza makamaka zamakina a TPU kuchokera kuzinthu monga kulimba kwamphamvu komanso kutalika, kulimba mtima, kuuma, ndi zina zambiri.
Mkulu wamakokedwe mphamvu ndi mkulu elongation
TPU ili ndi mphamvu zolimba kwambiri komanso kutalika kwake. Kuchokera pazomwe zili m'chithunzichi, tikutha kuona kuti mphamvu zamakokedwe ndi kutalika kwa polyether mtundu wa TPU ndi zabwino kwambiri kuposa za polyvinyl chloride pulasitiki ndi mphira.
Kuphatikiza apo, TPU imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pamakampani azakudya popanda zowonjezera kapena zosawonjezera panthawi yokonza, zomwe zimakhalanso zovuta kuti zida zina monga PVC ndi mphira zitheke.
Kupirira kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha
Kulimba mtima kwa TPU kumatanthawuza momwe imabwereranso kumalo ake oyambirira pambuyo poti kupsinjika kwa deformation kumatsitsimutsidwa, kuwonetseredwa ngati mphamvu yobwezeretsa, yomwe ndi chiŵerengero cha ntchito yochotsa ma deformation ku ntchito yofunikira kuti ipangidwe. Ndi ntchito ya modulus yosinthika komanso kukangana kwamkati kwa thupi lotanuka ndipo imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha.
Kubwereranso kumachepa ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha mpaka kutentha kwina, ndipo kusinthasintha kumawonjezekanso. Kutentha uku ndi kutentha kwa crystallization kwa gawo lofewa, lomwe limatsimikiziridwa ndi mapangidwe a macromolecular diol. TPU ya polyether ndiyotsika kuposa TPU ya polyester. Pa kutentha pansi pa kutentha kwa crystallization, elastomer imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo imataya mphamvu zake. Choncho, kupirira kumakhala kofanana ndi kubwereranso kuchokera pamwamba pa chitsulo cholimba.
Mtundu wa kuuma ndi Shore A60-D80
Kuuma ndi chizindikiro cha kuthekera kwa chinthu kukana kupunduka, kugoletsa, ndi kukanda.
Kuuma kwa TPU nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zoyesa kulimba kwa Shore A ndi Shore D, ndi Shore A yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma TPU ocheperako ndi Shore D omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa TPU zolimba.
Kuuma kwa TPU kumatha kusinthidwa posintha gawo la zigawo zofewa komanso zolimba. Chifukwa chake, TPU ili ndi kuuma kwakukulu kosiyanasiyana, kuyambira ku Shore A60-D80, kutengera kulimba kwa mphira ndi pulasitiki, ndipo imakhala ndi kulimba kwambiri pakulimba konseko.
Pamene kuuma kumasintha, zina za TPU zimatha kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, kukulitsa kuuma kwa TPU kumabweretsa kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito monga kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu ndi kung'ambika, kulimba komanso kupsinjika kwapang'onopang'ono (kuchuluka kwa katundu), kuchepa kwa kutalika, kuchulukirachulukira komanso kutentha kwamphamvu, komanso kukana chilengedwe.
5. Kugwiritsa ntchito TPU
Monga elastomer yabwino kwambiri, TPU ili ndi njira zingapo zopangira zinthu zotsika ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku, zinthu zamasewera, zoseweretsa, zida zokongoletsera, ndi zina.
Zida za nsapato
TPU imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazida za nsapato chifukwa cha kulimba kwake komanso kukana kuvala. Zovala za nsapato zomwe zili ndi TPU ndizosavuta kuvala kuposa nsapato zanthawi zonse, motero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazogulitsa nsapato zapamwamba, makamaka nsapato zamasewera ndi nsapato wamba.
payipi
Chifukwa cha kufewa kwake, kulimba kwamphamvu, kulimba kwamphamvu, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kutsika, mapaipi a TPU amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China ngati mapaipi amafuta ndi mafuta opangira zida zamakina monga ndege, akasinja, magalimoto, njinga zamoto, ndi zida zamakina.
chingwe
TPU imapereka kukana misozi, kukana kuvala, ndi mikhalidwe yopindika, kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kutsika kukhala chinsinsi chakuchita kwa chingwe. Chifukwa chake pamsika waku China, zingwe zotsogola monga zingwe zowongolera ndi zingwe zamagetsi zimagwiritsa ntchito ma TPU kuteteza zida zokutira zamapangidwe ovuta a chingwe, ndipo ntchito zawo zikuchulukirachulukira.
Zida zamankhwala
TPU ndi chinthu chotetezeka, chokhazikika komanso chapamwamba cha PVC cholowa m'malo, chomwe sichikhala ndi Phthalate ndi zinthu zina zovulaza, ndipo chidzasamukira ku magazi kapena zakumwa zina mu catheter yachipatala kapena thumba lachipatala kuti libweretse mavuto. Ndiwopangidwa mwapadera kalasi extrusion ndi jekeseni kalasi TPU.
kanema
Kanema wa TPU ndi filimu yopyapyala yopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zamtundu wa TPU kudzera munjira zapadera monga kugudubuza, kuponyera, kuwomba, ndi zokutira. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu, kukana kuvala, kusinthasintha kwabwino, komanso kukana kwa nyengo, mafilimu a TPU amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, zipangizo za nsapato, zovala zoyenera, magalimoto, mankhwala, zamagetsi, zamankhwala, ndi zina.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-05-2020