Mu 1958, Goodrich Chemical Company (yomwe tsopano yasinthidwa dzina kukhala Lubrizol) idalembetsa koyamba TPU brand Estane. Kwa zaka 40 zapitazi, pakhala mayina opitilira 20 padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mitundu ingapo yazinthu. Pakadali pano, opanga zinthu zopangira TPU makamaka akuphatikizapo BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, Wanhua Chemical Group, Shanghai Heng'an, Ruihua, Xuchuan Chemical, ndi zina zotero.
1, Gulu la TPU
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka gawo lofewa, lingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: mtundu wa polyester, mtundu wa polyether, ndi mtundu wa butadiene, womwe uli ndi gulu la ester, gulu la ether, kapena gulu la butene motsatana.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka gawo lolimba, lingagawidwe m'magulu a urethane ndi urethane, omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku zowonjezera za ethylene glycol kapena zowonjezera za diamine chain. Gulu lodziwika bwino limagawidwa m'magulu a polyester ndi polyether.
Malinga ndi kukhalapo kapena kusakhalapo kwa cross-linking, ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: thermoplastic yoyera ndi semithermoplastic.
Choyamba chili ndi kapangidwe koyera kolunjika ndipo chilibe ma bond olumikizirana; Chomalizachi chili ndi ma bond ochepa olumikizidwa monga Allophanic acid ester.
Malinga ndi momwe zinthu zomalizidwa zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, zitha kugawidwa m'magawo opangidwa ndi mbiri (makina osiyanasiyana), mapaipi (zikwama, ma profiles a bar), mafilimu (mapepala, mbale zopyapyala), zomatira, zokutira, ulusi, ndi zina zotero.
2, Kupanga kwa TPU
TPU ndi ya polyurethane pankhani ya kapangidwe ka mamolekyu. Ndiye, inasonkhana bwanji?
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, imagawidwa kwambiri m'magulu monga polymerization ya bulk ndi polymerization ya yankho.
Mu polymerization yochuluka, imatha kugawidwanso m'njira ya pre polymerization ndi njira ya sitepe imodzi kutengera kukhalapo kapena kusakhalapo kwa pre reaction:
Njira yopangira prepolymerization imaphatikizapo kuchita diisocyanate ndi ma macromolecular diols kwa nthawi inayake musanawonjezere unyolo wowonjezera kuti apange TPU;
Njira imodzi imaphatikizapo kusakaniza ndi kuchitapo kanthu nthawi imodzi ma macromolecular diols, diisocyanates, ndi unyolo wowonjezera kuti apange TPU.
Kupoletsa kwa yankho kumaphatikizapo choyamba kusungunula diisocyanate mu solvent, kenako kuwonjezera ma macromolecular diols kuti achitepo kanthu kwa nthawi inayake, ndipo pamapeto pake kuwonjezera ma chain extenders kuti apange TPU.
Mtundu wa gawo lofewa la TPU, kulemera kwa mamolekyulu, kuchuluka kwa gawo lolimba kapena lofewa, ndi momwe TPU imagwirizanirana zimatha kukhudza kuchuluka kwa TPU, ndi kuchuluka kwa pafupifupi 1.10-1.25, ndipo palibe kusiyana kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi ma rabara ndi mapulasitiki ena.
Pa kuuma komweko, kuchuluka kwa polyether mtundu wa TPU ndi kotsika kuposa kwa polyester mtundu wa TPU.
3, Kukonza TPU
Tinthu ta TPU timafuna njira zosiyanasiyana kuti tipange chinthu chomaliza, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosungunulira ndi zothetsera mavuto pokonza TPU.
Kusungunula ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga mapulasitiki, monga kusakaniza, kupukuta, kutulutsa, kupukuta, ndi kuumba;
Kukonza yankho ndi njira yokonzekera yankho mwa kusungunula tinthu tating'onoting'ono mu solvent kapena kuyika polymer mwachindunji mu solvent, kenako ndikuphimba, kuzungulira, ndi zina zotero.
Chogulitsa chomaliza chopangidwa kuchokera ku TPU nthawi zambiri sichifuna njira yolumikizirana ya vulcanization, zomwe zingafupikitse nthawi yopangira ndikubwezeretsanso zinyalala.
4, Magwiridwe antchito a TPU
TPU ili ndi modulus yapamwamba, mphamvu yayikulu, kutalika kwakukulu ndi kusinthasintha, kukana kuvala bwino, kukana mafuta, kukana kutentha kochepa, komanso kukana ukalamba.
Mphamvu yayikulu yokoka, kutalika kwambiri, komanso kupsinjika kochepa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kusinthasintha kosatha zonse ndi zabwino zazikulu za TPU.
XiaoU idzafotokoza bwino kwambiri za mphamvu za TPU kuchokera ku zinthu monga mphamvu yokoka ndi kutalika, kulimba, kuuma, ndi zina zotero.
Mphamvu yokoka kwambiri komanso kutalika kwambiri
TPU ili ndi mphamvu yokoka komanso kutalika kwabwino kwambiri. Kuchokera pa deta yomwe ili pachithunzi pansipa, titha kuwona kuti mphamvu yokoka ndi kutalika kwa TPU ya polyether ndikwabwino kwambiri kuposa ya pulasitiki ndi rabara ya polyvinyl chloride.
Kuphatikiza apo, TPU imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za makampani azakudya popanda kuwonjezera zinthu zina kapena zosawonjezera panthawi yokonza, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuti zipangizo zina monga PVC ndi rabala zikwaniritse.
Kulimba mtima kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha
Kulimba kwa TPU kumatanthauza momwe imabwerera msanga momwe inalili poyamba pambuyo poti kupsinjika kwa kusintha kwasintha kwachepa, komwe kumafotokozedwa ngati mphamvu yobwezeretsa, yomwe ndi chiŵerengero cha ntchito yobwezeretsa kusintha kwa ...
Kubwerera mmwamba kumachepa ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha mpaka kutentha kwina, ndipo kusinthasintha kumawonjezekanso mofulumira. Kutentha kumeneku ndi kutentha kwa crystallization kwa gawo lofewa, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe ka macromolecular diol. Mtundu wa polyether TPU ndi wotsika kuposa mtundu wa polyester TPU. Pa kutentha komwe kuli pansi pa kutentha kwa crystallization, elastomer imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndipo imataya kusinthasintha kwake. Chifukwa chake, kulimba mtima kumafanana ndi kubwerera mmwamba kuchokera pamwamba pa chitsulo cholimba.
Kuuma kwake ndi Shore A60-D80
Kuuma ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu ya chinthu cholimba yolimbana ndi kusintha, kugoletsa, ndi kukanda.
Kuuma kwa TPU nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zoyesera kuuma kwa Shore A ndi Shore D, ndipo Shore A imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma TPU ofewa ndipo Shore D imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma TPU olimba.
Kuuma kwa TPU kungasinthidwe mwa kusintha kuchuluka kwa magawo ofewa ndi olimba a unyolo. Chifukwa chake, TPU ili ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kuyambira ku Shore A60-D80, komwe kumaphatikiza kuuma kwa rabara ndi pulasitiki, ndipo imakhala ndi kulimba kwakukulu mu mtundu wonse wa kuuma.
Pamene kuuma kwa TPU kukusintha, makhalidwe ena a TPU angasinthe. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera kuuma kwa TPU kumabweretsa kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito monga kukwera kwa mphamvu ya tensile modulus ndi kung'amba, kukhwima kwakukulu ndi kupsinjika (kulemera), kuchepa kwa kutalika, kuchuluka kwa kachulukidwe ndi kupanga kutentha kwamphamvu, komanso kukana kwa chilengedwe.
5, Kugwiritsa ntchito TPU
Monga elastomer yabwino kwambiri, TPU ili ndi malangizo osiyanasiyana azinthu zomwe zili pansi pake ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zofunika tsiku ndi tsiku, zinthu zamasewera, zoseweretsa, zinthu zokongoletsera, ndi zina.
Zipangizo za nsapato
TPU imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga nsapato chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake komanso kusatha kutopa. Zovala za nsapato zokhala ndi TPU ndizosavuta kuvala kuposa nsapato wamba, kotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga nsapato zapamwamba, makamaka nsapato zina zamasewera ndi nsapato wamba.
payipi
Chifukwa cha kufewa kwake, mphamvu yabwino yokoka, mphamvu yokoka, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri, mapaipi a TPU amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China ngati mapaipi a gasi ndi mafuta pazida zamakanika monga ndege, matanki, magalimoto, njinga zamoto, ndi zida zamakina.
chingwe
TPU imapereka mphamvu yolimbana ndi kung'ambika, kukana kugunda, komanso kupindika, ndipo kukana kutentha kwambiri ndi kotsika ndiye chinsinsi cha magwiridwe antchito a chingwe. Chifukwa chake pamsika waku China, zingwe zapamwamba monga zingwe zowongolera ndi zingwe zamagetsi zimagwiritsa ntchito ma TPU kuteteza zida zophikira za mapangidwe ovuta a chingwe, ndipo ntchito zawo zikuchulukirachulukira.
Zipangizo zachipatala
TPU ndi chinthu chotetezeka, chokhazikika komanso chapamwamba kwambiri cholowa m'malo mwa PVC, chomwe sichikhala ndi Phthalate ndi zinthu zina zovulaza, ndipo chimasamutsidwira m'magazi kapena zakumwa zina mu catheter yachipatala kapena thumba lachipatala kuti chibweretse zotsatirapo zoyipa. Ndi TPU yopangidwa mwapadera yotulutsa mpweya komanso yopangira jakisoni.
filimu
Filimu ya TPU ndi filimu yopyapyala yopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zopangidwa ndi TPU pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera monga kupotoza, kuponya, kupukutira, ndi kuphimba. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zambiri, kukana kutha, kusinthasintha bwino, komanso kukana nyengo, mafilimu a TPU amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, zipangizo za nsapato, zovala, magalimoto, mankhwala, zamagetsi, zamankhwala, ndi zina.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-05-2020